Back Gewas (medies) Afrikaans ورم Arabic نئوپلاسم AZB নিওপ্লাজম Bengali/Bangla Neoplazma BS Neoplàsia Catalan Neoplasi Danish Neoplasie German Νεόπλασμα Greek Neoplasmo Esperanto

Neoplasm

"Neoplastic" redirects here. For the Dutch artistic movement, see Neoplasticism.
"Tumor" redirects here. For the original graphic novel, see Tumor (comics).
Not to be confused with Pleonasm.
Neoplasm
Other namesTumor, tumour, carcinocytes
Colectomy specimen containing a malignant neoplasm, namely an invasive example of colorectal cancer (the crater-like, reddish, irregularly shaped tumor at top-center)
SpecialtyOncology
SymptomsLump
ComplicationsCancer
CausesRadiation, environmental factor, certain infections

A neoplasm (/ˈniːoʊplæzəm, ˈniːə-/)[1][2] is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue. The process that occurs to form or produce a neoplasm is called neoplasia. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and persists in growing abnormally, even if the original trigger is removed.[3][4][5] This abnormal growth usually forms a mass, which may be called a tumour or tumor.[6]

ICD-10 classifies neoplasms into four main groups: benign neoplasms, in situ neoplasms, malignant neoplasms, and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior.[7] Malignant neoplasms are also simply known as cancers and are the focus of oncology.

Prior to the abnormal growth of tissue, such as neoplasia, cells often undergo an abnormal pattern of growth, such as metaplasia or dysplasia.[8] However, metaplasia or dysplasia does not always progress to neoplasia and can occur in other conditions as well.[3] The word neoplasm is from Ancient Greek νέος- neo 'new' and πλάσμα plasma 'formation, creation'.

  1. ^ "neoplasm". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021.
  2. ^ "neoplasm". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d.
  3. ^ a b Birbrair A, Zhang T, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Olson JD, Mintz A, Delbono O (July 2014). "Type-2 pericytes participate in normal and tumoral angiogenesis". Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. 307 (1): C25–38. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00084.2014. PMC 4080181. PMID 24788248.
  4. ^ Cooper GM (1992). Elements of human cancer. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-86720-191-8.
  5. ^ Taylor, Elizabeth J. (2000). Dorland's Illustrated medical dictionary (29th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 1184. ISBN 978-0721662541.
  6. ^ Stedman's medical dictionary (28th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006. p. Neoplasm. ISBN 978-0781733908.
  7. ^ "II Neoplasms". International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 24 July 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
  8. ^ Abrams, Gerald. "Neoplasia I". Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2012.

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