Back Nord Stream 2 Afrikaans نورد ستريم 2 Arabic Северен поток - 2 Bulgarian Nord Stream 2 Czech Nord Stream 2 German Nord Stream 2 Spanish Nord Stream 2 Estonian Nord Stream 2 Basque نورد استریم ۲ Persian Nord Stream 2 Irish

Nord Stream 2

This article is about the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. For the first pipeline, see Nord Stream 1.

Nord Stream 2
Map
Map of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline
Location
Country
  • Russia
  • Germany
Coordinates
General directioneast–west–south
FromUst-Luga, Russia
Passes throughGulf of Finland and Baltic Sea
ToLubmin near Greifswald, Germany
General information
TypeNatural gas
Status
  • Inoperable (Pipe A)
  • Inactive (Pipe B)
Partners
OperatorNord Stream 2 AG
Manufacturer of pipes
  • EUROPIPE
  • OMK
  • Chelyabinsk Pipe-Rolling Plant (Chelpipe)
Installer of pipesAllseas (until 21 December 2019)
Pipe layer
Expectedunknown[1]
Technical information
Length1,234 km (767 mi)
Maximum discharge55 billion m3/a (1.9 trillion cu ft/a)
Diameter1,220 mm (48 in)
No. of compressor stations1
Compressor stationsSlavyanskaya
Websitewww.nord-stream2.com

Nord Stream 2 (German–English mixed expression for "North Stream 2"; Russian: Северный поток — 2) is a 1,234-kilometre-long (767 mi) natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany running through the Baltic Sea,[2] financed by Gazprom and several European energy companies. Feasibility studies began in 2011 to expand the Nord Stream 1 line and double annual capacity to 110 billion cubic metres (3.9 trillion cubic feet), with construction beginning in 2018.[3] It was completed in September 2021, but has not yet entered service. Planning and construction of the pipeline were mired in political controversy over fears that Russia would use it, one of 23 pipelines between Europe and Russia,[2] for geopolitical advantage with Europe and Ukraine.[4]

German Chancellor Olaf Scholz suspended its certification on 22 February 2022,[5] following official recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic by the Russian State Duma and President Putin during the prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

On 26 September 2022, Danish and Swedish authorities reported a number of explosions at pipes A and B of the Nord Stream 1 pipeline and pipe A of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, with the resulting damage causing significant gas leaks. The European Union considers the incident to be sabotage of key European energy infrastructure.[6] The Nord Stream explosions also resulted in the worst release of methane gas in human history, with estimates ranging from 100,000 to 400,000 tonnes (220 to 880 million pounds) of methane released into the atmosphere.[7] In October 2022, Russia confirmed that Pipe B of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline escaped destruction, and offered to resume gas supply to Europe (which was promptly declined by Berlin).[8][9][10]

Nord Stream 2 never delivered any gas, while Russia suspended gas deliveries through Nord Stream 1 from August 31 2021, quoting "maintenance needs". This situation became permanent after the destruction of three of the pipelines in September 2022 and sanctions linked to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[11]

Out of the three separate investigations carried out by Germany, Sweden and Denmark, the latter two were closed without publicly assigned responsibility for the damage in February 2024.[12][13] In June 2024 German authorities issued an arrest warrant for a Ukrainian national suspected of the sabotage, who according to the Polish National Public Prosecutor's Office had since fled to Ukraine.[14][15]

  1. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Germany halts Nord Stream 2 approval". Deutsche Welle. 22 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Gas Infrastructure Europe – System Development Map 2022/2021" (PDF). European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG). December 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
  3. ^ Janjevic, Darko (14 July 2018). "Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about?". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  4. ^ "Nord Stream 2 – What is the controversy about?". Deutsche Welle. 14 July 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  5. ^ "Scholz zu Russland-Sanktionen: Deutschland stoppt Nord Stream 2". ZDFheute (in German). Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  6. ^ "Nord Stream leaks: Sabotage to blame, says EU". BBC News. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  7. ^ Benshoff, Laura. "The Nord Stream pipelines have stopped leaking. But the methane emitted broke records". NPR.
  8. ^ "Putin offers to boost gas supplies to Europe via Nord Stream 2". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  9. ^ Hemicker, Lorenz; Käppel, Janina (5 October 2022). "Russland bestätigt Einsatzbereitschaft von Nord Stream 2" [Russia confirms Nord Stream 2 is operable]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Ende September kam es zu Explosionen unter Wasser an der Ostseepipeline. Dabei wurden beide Stränge der Pipeline Nord Stream 1 und ein Strang von Nord Stream 2 leck geschlagen.
  10. ^ "Gazprom: Nord Stream leaks stop, gas supply could resume on single line". Reuters. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Shutting Down Nord Stream Marks the Point of No Return for Russian Gas". Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  12. ^ Ruiz, Rebecca R.; Sanger, David E. (7 February 2024). "Sweden Closes Investigation of Pipeline Blasts, but Stays Silent on Cause". New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  13. ^ Gozzi, Laura (26 February 2024). "Nord Stream: Denmark closes investigation into pipeline blast". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  14. ^ More, Rachel; Wlodarczak-semczuk, Anna (14 August 2024). "Poland received German request to arrest Nord Stream suspect but he's left country, prosecutors say". Reuters. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  15. ^ "Nord Stream sabotage: Germany issues arrest warrant — report". dw.com. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.

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