Pagaruyung kingdom

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Pagaruyung Pagaruyung Dārul Qarār ڤݢرويڠ دار القرار
1347–1833
Marawa Minangkabau Royal seal of Sultan Tangkal Alam[1]
Capital	Pagaruyung
Common languages	Sanskrit, Minang, and Malay
Religion	Hindu-Buddhism (first era), Animism, Sunni Islam (last era)
Government	Monarchy
Maharaja Diraja
• 1347–1375 (First King)	Adityawarman
• 1789–1833 Last King)	Sultan Tangkal Alam
History
• Established	1347
• Padri War	1833
Preceded by Succeeded by Dharmasraya Dutch East Indies Inderapura Kingdom
Today part of	Indonesia

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Prehistory Paleolithic Java Man 1,000,000 BP Flores Man 94,000–12,000 BP Neolithic Toba catastrophe 75,000 BP Buni culture 400 BCE
Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms Kutai kingdom 350–1605 Tarumanagara kingdom 400s–500s Kantoli 400s-500s Kalingga kingdom 500s–600s Melayu kingdom 600s–1347 Srivijaya Empire 600s–1025 Shailendra Dynasty 600s–900s Mataram kingdom 716–1016 Bali kingdom 914–1908 Sunda kingdom 932–1579 Kahuripan kingdom 1019–1045 Kediri kingdom 1045–1221 Dharmasraya kingdom 1183–1347 Pannai kingdom 1000s–1300s Singhasari Empire 1222–1292 Majapahit Empire 1293–1527
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Pagaruyung (Minangkabau: Karajaan Pagaruyuang, other name: Pagaruyung Dārul Qarār), also known as Pagarruyung, Pagar Ruyung and Malayapura or Malayupura,^[2] was a kingdom that once stood in the island of Sumatra and the seat of the Minangkabau kings of Western Sumatra.^[3] Modern Pagaruyung is a village in Tanjung Emas subdistrict, Tanah Datar regency, located near the town of Batusangkar, Indonesia.

Prior to its establishment, the kingdom was part of Malayapura,^[4] a kingdom that the Amoghapasa inscription mentions was ruled by Adityawarman,^[5] who established himself as the ruler of Bhumi Malayu (Suvarnabhumi). Also included in Malayapura were the kingdom of Dharmasraya and several other kingdoms or conquests of Adityawarman.^[6] The region gradually became Muslim throughout the 16th century and after. In the early 17th century, the kingdom was forced to recognise the sovereignty of the Sultanate of Aceh but rebelled in 1665, also Dutch influence and presence grew in the 17th century. In the early 19th century, turmoil erupted during the Padri War due to factional disputes and the state steadily declined.