^Edward Gibbon. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Chapter 68, etal [1]Archived 2019-05-09 at the Wayback Machine
^Twain, Mark (1869). The Innocents Abroad. pp. Chapter 42."Pacha" used as spelling in this text
^Benzakour, Fouzia; Gaadi, Driss; Queffélec, Ambroise (2000). Le Français au Maroc: Lexique et contacts de langues. De Boeck Supérieur. ISBN9782801112601.
^Belghazi, Taieb (2006). "Festivalization of Urban Space in Morocco". Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies. 15 (1): 97–107. doi:10.1080/10669920500515168. S2CID145764601.
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