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Paul Feyerabend

Paul Feyerabend
Feyerabend at Berkeley
Born(1924-01-13)January 13, 1924
Vienna, Austria
DiedFebruary 11, 1994(1994-02-11) (aged 70)
Genolier, Vaud, Switzerland
EducationUniversity of Vienna (PhD, 1951)
Era20th-century philosophy
RegionWestern philosophy
SchoolAnalytic philosophy[1]
InstitutionsUniversity of California, Berkeley
ETH Zurich
ThesisZur Theorie der Basissätze (A Theory of Basic Statements) (1951)
Doctoral advisorVictor Kraft
Other academic advisorsKarl Popper
Arthur Pap[2]
Doctoral studentsNancey Murphy[3]
Main interests
Philosophy of science, epistemology, political philosophy, ancient philosophy, philosophy of mind
Notable ideas
Epistemological anarchism
Criticism of falsificationism Incommensurability
eliminative materialism
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Paul Karl Feyerabend (German: [ˈfaɪɐˌʔaːbm̩t]; January 13, 1924 – February 11, 1994) was an Austrian philosopher best known for his work in the philosophy of science. He started his academic career as lecturer in the philosophy of science at the University of Bristol (1955–1958); afterwards, he moved to the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught for three decades (1958–1989). At various points in his life, he held joint appointments at the University College London (1967–1970), the London School of Economics (1967), the FU Berlin (1968), Yale University (1969), the University of Auckland (1972, 1975), the University of Sussex (1974), and, finally, the ETH Zurich (1980–1990). He gave lectures and lecture series at the University of Minnesota (1958–1962), Stanford University (1967), the University of Kassel (1977) and the University of Trento (1992).[13]

Feyerabend's most famous work is Against Method (1975), wherein he argued that there are no universally valid methodological rules for scientific inquiry. He also wrote on topics related to the politics of science in several essays and in his book Science in a Free Society (1978). Feyerabend's later works include Wissenschaft als Kunst (Science as Art) (1984), Farewell to Reason (1987), Three Dialogues on Knowledge (1991), and Conquest of Abundance (released posthumously in 1999) which collect essays from the 1970s until Feyerabend's death in 1994. The uncompleted draft of an earlier work was released posthumously, in 2009, as Naturphilosophie (English translation of 2016 Philosophy of Nature). This work contains Feyerabend's reconstruction of the history of natural philosophy from the Homeric Period until the mid-20th century. In these works and other publications, Feyerabend wrote about numerous issues at the interface between history and philosophy of science and ethics, ancient philosophy, philosophy of art, political philosophy, medicine, and physics. Feyerabend's final work was his autobiography, entitled Killing Time, which he completed on his deathbed.[14] Feyerabend's extensive correspondence and other materials from his Nachlass continue to be published.[15]

Paul Feyerabend is recognized as one of the most important philosophers of science of the 20th century. In a 2010 poll, he was ranked as the 8th most significant philosopher of science.[16] He is often mentioned alongside Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, and N.R. Hanson as a crucial figure in the historical turn in philosophy of science, and his work on scientific pluralism has been markedly influential on the Stanford School and on much contemporary philosophy of science. Feyerabend was also a significant figure in the sociology of scientific knowledge.[13] His lectures were extremely well-attended, attracting international attention.[17] His multifaceted personality is eloquently summarized in his obituary by Ian Hacking: "Humanists, in my old-fashioned sense, need to be part of both arts and sciences. Paul Feyerabend was a humanist. He was also fun."[18]

In line with this humanistic interpretation and the concerns apparent in his later work, the Paul K. Feyerabend Foundation was founded in 2006 in his honor. The Foundation "...promotes the empowerment and wellbeing of disadvantaged human communities. By strengthening intra and inter-community solidarity, it strives to improve local capacities, promote the respect of human rights, and sustain cultural and biological diversity." In 1970, the Loyola University of Chicago assigned to Feyerabend its Doctor of Humane Letters Degree honoris causa. Asteroid (22356) Feyerabend is named after him.[19]

  1. ^ Hoyningen-Huene, P., 1999, "Feyerabends Kritik an Kuhns normaler Wissenschaft", in J. Nida-Rümelin (ed.), Rationality, Realism, Revision: Proceedings of the 3rd international congress of the Society for Analytical Philosophy, Berlin: de Gruyter.
  2. ^ Feyerabend 1995, p. 99.
  3. ^ Shaw, Jamie.; Bschir, Karim (2021). "Introduction: Paul Feyerabend's Philosophy in the Twenty-First Century". Interpreting Feyerabend: Critical Essays: fn. 4 6.
  4. ^ Lloyd, Elisabeth (1997). "Feyerabend, Mill, and pluralism". Philosophy of Science. 64 (S4): S396–S407. doi:10.1086/392617. S2CID 144369831.
  5. ^ Collodel, Matteo (2016). "Was Feyerabend a Popperian? Methodological issues in the history of the philosophy of science". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A. 57: 27–56. Bibcode:2016SHPSA..57...27C. doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.08.004. PMID 27269261.
  6. ^ Collodel, Matteo. "Ehrenhaft's Experiments on Magnetic Monopoles: Reconsidering the Feyerabend-Ehrenhaft Connection". International Studies in the Philosophy of Science: 1–26.
  7. ^ Feyerabend 1995, p. 141.
  8. ^ Feyerabend 1995, p. 140.
  9. ^ van Strien, Marij (2020). "Pluralism and anarchism in quantum physics: Paul Feyerabend's writings on quantum physics in relation to his general philosophy of science". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A. 80: 72–81. Bibcode:2020SHPSA..80...72V. doi:10.1016/j.shpsa.2019.03.006. PMID 32383675. S2CID 171517191.
  10. ^ Kuby, Daniel (2018). "Carnap, Feyerabend, and the pragmatic theory of observation" (PDF). HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science. 8 (2): 432–470. doi:10.1086/698695. S2CID 113397897.
  11. ^ Chang, Hasok. "The Coherence of Feyerabend's Pluralist Realism". Interpreting Feyerabend: Critical Essays (Edited by Karim Bschir and Jamie Shaw). Cambridge University Press: 40–56.
  12. ^ Lloyd, Elisabeth (1996). "The Anachronistic Anarchist". Philosophical Studies. 81 (2/3): 247–261. doi:10.1007/BF00372785. S2CID 170378997.
  13. ^ a b Preston, John (February 1, 2020). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  14. ^ Zussman, Robert (March 1996). "Autobiographical Occasions". Contemporary Sociology. 25 (2): 143–148. doi:10.2307/2077159. JSTOR 2077159.
  15. ^ "Feyerabend's Work". PKF Centennial 2024.
  16. ^ "Most Significant Philosophers of Science of the 20th-Century: the Results". Leiter Reports: A Philosophy Blog.
  17. ^ Shaw, Jamie.; Bschir, Karim (2021). "Introduction: Paul Feyerabend's Philosophy in the Twenty-First Century". Interpreting Feyerabend: Critical Essays: 4.
  18. ^ Hacking, Ian (1994). "Paul Feyerabend, Humanist". Common Knowledge. 3 (2): 23–28.
  19. ^ "(22356) Feyerabend = 1992 WS6". International Astronomy Union.

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