Back Pentaan Afrikaans بنتان Arabic Pentan Azerbaijani پنتان (هیدروکربون) AZB Пентан Byelorussian Пентан Bulgarian পেন্টেন Bengali/Bangla Pentan BS Pentà Catalan Pentan Czech
| |||
| |||
| |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
Pentane[2] | |||
| Other names
Quintane;[1] Refrigerant-4-13-0
| |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
|
|||
| 969132 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| DrugBank | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.358 | ||
| EC Number |
| ||
| 1766 | |||
| MeSH | pentane | ||
PubChem CID
|
|||
| RTECS number |
| ||
| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1265 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|||
| |||
| |||
| Properties[4] | |||
| C5H12 | |||
| Molar mass | 72.151 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Odor | Gasoline-like[3] | ||
| Density | 0.626 g/mL; 0.6262 g/mL (20 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K | ||
| Boiling point | 35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K | ||
| 40 mg/L (20 °C) | |||
| log P | 3.255 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 57.90 kPa (20.0 °C) | ||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | ~45 | ||
| Basicity (pKb) | ~59 | ||
| UV-vis (λmax) | 200 nm | ||
| -63.05·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.358 | ||
| Viscosity | 0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C) | ||
| Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C)
|
167.19 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
263.47 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
   
| |||
| Danger | |||
| H225, H304, H336, H411 | |||
| P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −49.0 °C (−56.2 °F; 224.2 K) | ||
| 260.0 °C (500.0 °F; 533.1 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 1.5–7.8%[3] | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
|
| ||
LC50 (median concentration)
|
130,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min) 128,200 ppm (mouse, 37 min) 325,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr)[5] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)[3] | ||
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 120 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 610 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute][3] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
1500 ppm[3] | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkanes
|
|||
| Supplementary data page | |||
| Pentane (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |||
Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C5H12—that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane). Cyclopentane is not an isomer of pentane because it has only 10 hydrogen atoms where pentane has 12.
Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butanes and hexanes.
- ^ Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840.
- ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 59. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
- ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0486". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Record of n-Pentane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 19 April 2011.
- ^ "n-Pentane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).