Pepe the Frog

Pepe
Pepe the Frog in his original format
Publication information
First appearanceBoy's Club (2005)[1]
Created byMatt Furie

Pepe the Frog (/ˈpɛp/ PEP-ay) is a famous comic character and Internet meme created by cartoonist Matt Furie. Designed as a green anthropomorphic frog with a humanoid body, Pepe originated in Furie's 2005 comic Boy's Club.[2] The character became an Internet meme when his popularity steadily grew across websites such as Myspace, Gaia Online, and 4chan in 2008. By 2015, he had become one of the most popular memes used on 4chan and Tumblr.[3] Different types of Pepe memes include "Sad Frog", "Smug Frog", "Angry Pepe", "Feels Frog", and "You will never..." Frog. Since 2014, "§ Rare Pepes" have been posted on the "meme market" as if they were trading cards.[4][5][6]

Originally an apolitical character, Pepe was appropriated from 2015 to 2016 onward as a symbol of the alt-right movement.[7][8][9] The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) included Pepe in its hate symbol database in 2016, but said most instances of Pepe were not used in a hate-related context.[10][11] Since then, Furie has expressed his dismay at Pepe being used as a hate symbol and has sued organizations for doing so.[12]

In 2019, Pepe was used by protesters in the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests. Despite being used in a political context, Pepe the Frog's use in Hong Kong is not perceived as being connected with alt-right ideology. Furie has welcomed the use of Pepe by Hong Kong protesters.[13]

Pepe remains a recognizable and familiar sight on social media platforms such as 4chan, Twitch, Reddit, and Discord, where images are modified into custom Pepe-based emoji.

  1. ^ Priscilla, Frank (September 30, 2016). "The Strange Internet Journey of Pepe The 'Chilled-Out Stoner Frog'". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  2. ^ Khan, Imad (April 12, 2015). "4chan's Pepe the Frog is bigger than ever—and his creator feels good, man". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  3. ^ Hathaway, Jay (December 9, 2015). "Tumblr's Biggest Meme of 2015 Was Pepe the Frog". Daily Intelligencer. New York. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Retrieved 2017-09-14.
  4. ^ "We Asked The Art World How Much Rare Pepes Are Going For". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
  5. ^ "About US – Rare Pepe Directory". rarepepedirectory.com. Archived from the original on 2020-02-27. Retrieved 2018-08-21.
  6. ^ Kiberd, Roisin (April 9, 2015). "4chan's Frog Meme Went Mainstream, So They Tried to Kill It". Motherboard. Vice Media. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2016.
  7. ^ Mihailidis, Paul; Viotty, Samantha (2017-04-01). "Spreadable Spectacle in Digital Culture: Civic Expression, Fake News, and the Role of Media Literacies in "Post-Fact" Society". American Behavioral Scientist. 61 (4): 441–454. doi:10.1177/0002764217701217. ISSN 0002-7642. S2CID 151950124. Archived from the original on 2022-01-19. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
  8. ^ Demsky, Jeffrey (2021), Demsky, Jeffrey (ed.), "That is Really Meme: Nazi Pepe the Frog and the Subversion of Anglo-American Holocaust Remembrance", Nazi and Holocaust Representations in Anglo-American Popular Culture, 1945–2020: Irreverent Remembrance, Palgrave Studies in Cultural Heritage and Conflict, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 105–125, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79221-3_7, ISBN 978-3-030-79221-3, S2CID 238951868, archived from the original on 2022-01-19, retrieved 2022-01-18
  9. ^ Miller-Idriss, Cynthia (2018-12-17). "What Makes a Symbol Far Right? Co-opted and Missed Meanings in Far-Right Iconography". Post-Digital Cultures of the Far Right. transcript Verlag. pp. 123–132. doi:10.1515/9783839446706-009. ISBN 978-3-8394-4670-6. S2CID 240030613. Archived from the original on 2022-01-19. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Branded was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference ADL was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Swinyard was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference PP was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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