Back تشاؤم Arabic Pesimismu AST Pessimizm Azerbaijani Pesimėzmos BAT-SMG Пэсымізм BE-X-OLD Песимизъм Bulgarian Pesimisme BJN নৈরাশ্যবাদ Bengali/Bangla Pessimisme Catalan ڕەشبینی CKB
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Pessimism is a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking.[1]
- ^ Bennett, Oliver (2001). Cultural Pessimism: Narratives of Decline in the Postmodern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-0936-9.