Back Philippos II van Masedonië Afrikaans Philipp II. (Makedonien) ALS فيليب الثاني المقدوني Arabic فيليب التانى المقدونى ARZ Filipu II de Macedonia AST Makedoniyalı II Filip Azerbaijani ایکینجی مقدونیه لی فیلیپ AZB Філіп II Македонскі Byelorussian Филип II Македонски Bulgarian ম্যাসিডনের দ্বিতীয় ফিলিপ Bengali/Bangla
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| Philip II | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) Bust of Philip II, Roman copy from a Greek original, from the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen. | |||||
| King of Macedonia | |||||
| Reign | c. May 359 – October 336 BC | ||||
| Predecessor | Amyntas IV | ||||
| Successor | Alexander the Great | ||||
| Hegemon of the Hellenic League[1] | |||||
| Reign | 337 BC | ||||
| Successor | Alexander the Great | ||||
| Born | 382 BC Pella, Macedon (modern-day Pella, Greece) | ||||
| Died | October 336 BC (aged 46) Aigai, Macedon (modern-day Vergina, Greece) | ||||
| Burial | Aigai, Macedon (modern-day Vergina, Greece) | ||||
| Wives | |||||
| Issue | |||||
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| Greek | Φίλιππος | ||||
| House | Argead dynasty | ||||
| Father | Amyntas III | ||||
| Mother | Eurydice I | ||||
| Religion | Ancient Greek religion | ||||
Philip II of Macedon[2] (Greek: Φίλιππος Philippos; 382 BC – October 336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 359 BC until his death in 336 BC.[3] He was a member of the Argead dynasty, founders of the ancient kingdom, and the father of Alexander the Great.
The rise of Macedon, including its conquest and political consolidation of most of Classical Greece during his reign, was achieved by his reformation of the army (the establishment of the Macedonian phalanx that proved critical in securing victories on the battlefield), his extensive use of siege engines, and his use of effective diplomacy and marriage alliances.
After defeating the Greek city-states of Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Philip II led the effort to establish a federation of Greek states known as the League of Corinth, with him as the elected hegemon and commander-in-chief[4] of Greece for a planned invasion of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead.
- ^ Pohlenz, Max (1966). Freedom in Greek life and thought: the history of an ideal. Springer. p. 20. ISBN 978-9027700094.
- ^ Worthington, Ian. 2008. Philip II of Macedonia. New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0300164763
- ^ Cosmopoulos, Michael B. 1992. Macedonia: An Introduction to its Political History. Winnipeg: Manitoba Studies in Classical Civilization, p. 30 (Table 2: The Argeiad Kings).
- ^ Diodorus Sicilus, Book 16, 89.[3] «διόπερ ἐν Κορίνθῳ τοῦ κοινοῦ συνεδρίου συναχθέντος διαλεχθεὶς περὶ τοῦ πρὸς Πέρσας πολέμου καὶ μεγάλας ἐλπίδας ὑποθεὶς προετρέψατο τοὺς συνέδρους εἰς πόλεμον. τέλος δὲ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἑλομένων αὐτὸν στρατηγὸν αὐτοκράτορα τῆς Ἑλλάδος μεγάλας παρασκευὰς ἐποιεῖτο πρὸς τὴν ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας στρατείαν...καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ Φίλιππον ἐν τούτοις ἦν»