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Pleistoannelida

Pleistoannelida
Examples of Pleistoannelida (clockwise from upper left corner): Sabellida, Echiura, Eunicida, Clitellata, Phyllodocida, Siboglinidae.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
(unranked): Spiralia
Superphylum: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Annelida
Clade: Pleistoannelida
Struck 2011[1]
Clades[2][3][4]

Incertae sedis

Pleistoannelida is a group of annelid worms that comprises the vast majority of the diversity in phylum Annelida. Discovered through phylogenetic analyses, it is the largest clade of annelids, comprised by the last common ancestor of the highly diverse sister groups Errantia and Sedentaria (Clitellata and related polychaetes) and all the descendants of that ancestor.[1][4] Most groups in the Clade find their ancestors within the Cambrian explosion when Annelid diversity expanded dramatically.[5] The Pleistoannelida clade covers a variety of traits. However, the evolution of simple to complex eyes, developed papillae for burrowing, and for some specialized radioles for feeding can be seen universally across every species.[6][5] New findings have discovered the range of Annelid diversity have led to uncertainty if groups with developed ancestral traits should remain within the clade. Furthermore, there's been a lack of recently discovered Annelid traits being used in the categorization of groups within the clade, leading to many hypothesis on how to do so and which should remain within the clade.[7] Currently three smaller clades that were originally a part of the groups Errantia and Sedentaria have been proven to fall outside while still being connected to the basal groups.[6]

Half of a fossil containing the species of worm Esconites zelus.
  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Pleistoannelida was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference AnnelidCurrent was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Two adaptive routes Annelida was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Handbook Zoology Annelida 1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Zhang, ZhiFei; Smith, Martin R.; Ren, XinYi (2023-02-08). "The Cambrian cirratuliform Iotuba denotes an early annelid radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 290 (1992). doi:10.1098/rspb.2022.2014. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 9890102. PMID 36722078.
  6. ^ a b Purschke, Günter; Vodopyanov, Stepan; Baller, Anjilie; von Palubitzki, Tim; Bartolomaeus, Thomas; Beckers, Patrick (2022-01-25). "Ultrastructure of cerebral eyes in Oweniidae and Chaetopteridae (Annelida) – implications for the evolution of eyes in Annelida". Zoological Letters. 8 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s40851-022-00188-0. ISSN 2056-306X. PMC 8787891. PMID 35078543.
  7. ^ Weigert, Anne; Connard, Helm; Meyer, Matthias; Birgit, Nickel; Arendt, Detlev; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Santos, Scott R.; Halanych, Kenneth M.; Purschke, Günter; Bleidorn, Christoph; Struck, Torsten H. (2014). "Illuminating the Base of the Annelid Tree Using Transcriptomics". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (6): 1391–1401. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu080 – via Oxford academy.

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