Back Simplesiomorfia AN تواسم متقارب متماثل Arabic Plesiomorfia Catalan Plesiomorphie German Simpleziomorfo Esperanto Simplesiomorfia Spanish نزدیک‌ریختی و هم‌نزدیک‌ریختی Persian Symplésiomorphie French Simplesiomorfía Galician Simplesiomorfia Italian

Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy

Phylogenies showing the terminology used to describe different patterns of ancestral and derived trait states.[1]
Imaginary cladogram.[2] The yellow mask is a plesiomorphy for each living masked species, because it is ancestral.[2] It is also a symplesiomorphy for them. But for the four living species as a whole, it is an apomorphy because it is not ancestral for all of them. The yellow tail is a plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy for all living species.

In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades.

Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, and synapomorphy, all mean a trait shared between species because they share an ancestral species.[a]

Apomorphic and synapomorphic characteristics convey much information about evolutionary clades and can be used to define taxa. However, plesiomorphic and symplesiomorphic characteristics cannot.

The term symplesiomorphy was introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig.

  1. ^ Roderick D.M. Page; Edward C. Holmes (14 July 2009). Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-1336-9.
  2. ^ a b Freeman, Scott, 1955- (2015). Evolutionary analysis. Herron, Jon C., 1962- (5th ed.). Harlow. ISBN 9781292061276. OCLC 903941931.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Brower, Andrew V. Z.; de Pinna, M. C. C. (2014). "About Nothing". Cladistics. 30 (3): 330–336. doi:10.1111/cla.12050. PMID 34788975. S2CID 221550586.


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