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Pliska
Плиска | |
|---|---|
Town | |
 The Great Basilica in Pliska | |
  Pliska Location of Pliska within Bulgaria | |
| Coordinates: 43°23′13″N 27°07′55″E / 43.387°N 27.132°E | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province | Shumen |
| Municipality | Kaspichan |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Milena Nedeva (GERB) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 34.356 km2 (13.265 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 145 m (476 ft) |
| Population (2015) | |
| • Total | 1,016 |
| • Density | 30/km2 (77/sq mi) |
Pliska (Bulgarian: Плиска [ˈpliskɐ], Old Bulgarian: Пльсковъ, romanized: Plĭskovŭ) was the first capital of the First Bulgarian Empire during the Middle Ages and is now a small town in Shumen Province, on the Ludogorie plateau of the Danubian Plain, 20 km northeast of the provincial capital, Shumen.
Pliska was the first capital of Bulgaria. According to legend, it was founded by Asparuh of Bulgaria in the late 7th century; this legend is archaeologically unsubstantiated.[1] The site was originally an encampment, with the first tent-shaped buildings at Pliska of uncertain date.[1] No evidence exists of a settlement before the 9th century, and claims that the site dates from Late Antiquity have been contested.[2]
By the early 9th century, Pliska was surrounded by a defensive wall and 2,300 hectares (5,700 acres) of land was further enclosed by an outer earthwork with stone revetment 21 kilometres (13 miles) long.[1] After the Byzantine army sacked and burned Pliska in 811, led by the emperor Nikephoros I (r. 802–811), Pliska was rebuilt by Omurtag (r. 814–831), who used spolia from nearby Roman buildings and employing late Roman-inspired rectilinear and basilica plans in the architecture of his new ashlar palace, which descended from Late Antique prototypes like Diocletian's Palace at Split, Croatia.[1] When Boris I (r. 852–889) converted to Christianity in 864, the religious buildings of Pliska were adapted for Christian use and it was after this point that the Great Basilica was constructed, together with a monastery which was attached to it.[1] The monastery was home to the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius.[1]
After the tsar Simeon I founded his new capital at Preslav, Pliska was slowly abandoned. Pliska (Medieval Greek: Πλίσκοβα, romanized: Plískova) was captured at the turn of the 2nd millennium by Theodorokanos and Nikephoros Xiphias, during the campaigns of the emperor Basil the Bulgar-Slayer (r. 960–1025), which ended the First Bulgarian Empire.[1]
- ^ a b c d e f g Browning, Robert; Schwartz; Ellen C. (2005) [1991], Kazhdan, Alexander P. (ed.), "Pliska", The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6, retrieved 2020-12-28
- ^ Rizos, Efthymios (2018), Nicholson, Oliver (ed.), "Pliska", The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity (online ed.), Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8, retrieved 2020-12-28