Portal:1970s

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P:1970s

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies"; commonly shortened to the "Seventies" or the "'70s") was a decade that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

In the 21st century, historians have increasingly portrayed the 1970s as a "pivot of change" in world history, focusing especially on the economic upheavals^[1] that followed the end of the postwar economic boom.^[2] On a global scale, it was characterized by frequent coups, domestic conflicts and civil wars, and various political upheavals and armed conflicts which arose from or were related to decolonization, and the global struggle between NATO, the Warsaw Pact, and the Non-Aligned Movement. Many regions had periods of high-intensity conflict, notably Southeast Asia, the Mideast, and Africa.

In the Western world, social progressive values that began in the 1960s, such as increasing political awareness and economic liberty of women, continued to grow. In the United Kingdom, the 1979 election resulted in the victory of its Conservative leader Margaret Thatcher, the first female British Prime Minister. Industrialized countries experienced an economic recession due to an oil crisis caused by oil embargoes by the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries. The crisis saw the first instance of stagflation which began a political and economic trend of the replacement of Keynesian economic theory with neoliberal economic theory, with the first neoliberal government coming to power with the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. The 1970s was also an era of great technological and scientific advances; since the appearance of the first commercial microprocessor, the Intel 4004 in 1971, the decade was characterised by a profound transformation of computing units – by then rudimentary, spacious machines – into the realm of portability and home accessibility.

On the other hand, there were also great advances in fields such as physics, which saw the consolidation of quantum field theory at the end of the decade, mainly thanks to the confirmation of the existence of quarks and the detection of the first gauge bosons in addition to the photon, the Z boson and the gluon, part of what was christened in 1975 as the Standard Model.

In Asia, the People's Republic of China's international relations changed significantly following its recognition by the United Nations, the death of Mao Zedong and the beginning of market liberalization by Mao's successors. Despite facing an oil crisis due to the OPEC embargo, the economy of Japan witnessed a large boom in this period, overtaking the economy of West Germany to become the second-largest in the world.^[3] The United States withdrew its military forces from the Vietnam War. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, which led to the Soviet–Afghan War.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian–Israeli Peace Treaty. Political tensions in Iran exploded with the Iranian Revolution in 1979, which overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty and established an Islamic republic under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five were an American hip hop group formed in the South Bronx of New York City in 1978. The group's members were Grandmaster Flash, Kidd Creole (not to be confused with Kid Creole), Keef Cowboy, Melle Mel, Scorpio, and Rahiem. The group's use of turntablism, breakbeat DJing, and conscious lyricism were significant in the early development of hip hop music.

In the late 1970s, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five built their reputation and achieved local success by performing at parties and live shows. By 1980, the group had signed with Sugar Hill Records. Under Sugar Hill Records, the group rose to prominence in the early 1980s with their first hit "Freedom". It was not until the release of the song "The Message" in 1982 and the album The Message that they achieved mainstream success. The song provided a political and social commentary and went on to become a driving force behind conscious hip-hop. (Full article...)

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... that the Yerevan Children's Art Museum deliberately kept no records from the 1970s to the 1990s?
... that the Indian director Manhar Raskapur's films Mulu Manek and Kadu Makrani were both remade during the 1970s?
... that health economist Selma Mushkin estimated in the early 1970s that up to 50 percent of poor children in Washington, D.C., were affected by lead poisoning?
... that in the 1970s, the Shelton Hotel avoided demolition after seven elderly residents and a secretary refused to move out?
... that a Nebraska public radio station operated from a 1916-built Carnegie library in the 1970s and 1980s?
... that thousands of Greenlandic women and girls had intrauterine devices placed without their consent during the 1960s and 1970s?

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Official portrait, c. 1987

Hafez al-Assad (6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was a Syrian politician and armed forces officer who served as the 18th president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000. He had previously served as prime minister of Syria from 1970 to 1971 as well as regional secretary of the regional command of the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and secretary general of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. Hafez al-Assad was a key participant in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état, which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power in the country.

The new leadership appointed Hafez as the commander of the Syrian Air Force. In February 1966 Hafez participated in a second coup, which toppled the traditional leaders of the Ba'ath Party. Hafez was appointed defence minister by the new government. Four years later Hafez initiated a third coup, which ousted the de facto leader Salah Jadid, and appointed himself as leader of Syria. Hafez imposed various changes to the Ba'athist government when he took power. He subordinated state socialism for a mixed economic model and defended private property. Hafez also abandoned the rhetoric of exporting "socialist revolution" by strengthening Syria's foreign relations with countries that his predecessor had deemed reactionary. Hafez sided with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War in return for support against Israel and, whilst he had forsaken the pan-Arab concept of unifying the Arab world into one Arab nation, he sought to paint Syria as the defender of the Palestinians against Israel. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various 1970s-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Fashion models in Leipzig, GDR, 1972. One of the girls is modelling a "maxi" dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 2Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat shake hands, Camp David, 1978 (from 1970s)
Image 3Nixon and Zhou toast, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 4Redd Foxx and Demond Wilson from Sanford and Son (from 1970s)
Image 5Honda Civic sold well throughout the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 6The early 1970s' fashions were a continuation of the hippie look from the late 1960s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 7Steve McQueen with sideburns, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 8Girl in 1973 with a "flicked" hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 9The 1970 Bhola cyclone, considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster, kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan during November 1970. (from 1970s)
Image 10A young woman wearing a wrap dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 11Typical mid to late 1970s Ted gear, as worn by Shakin' Stevens. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 12Voyager 1 passing by Jupiter's Great Red Spot February 25, 1979 (from 1970s)
Image 13A West German school girl with Schultüte in 1970, with a 'hippyish' outfit on. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 14Microvision (1979) is the first handheld game console that used interchangeable cartridges. (from 1970s)
Image 15Commodore PET (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 16Aerosmith had seven studio albums chart on the Billboard 200 in the 1970s. Their success in the decade, particularly of their albums Toys in the Attic (1975) and Rocks (1976), helped inspire future rock artists such as Slash and Kurt Cobain (from 1970s in music)
Image 17The Eagles (from 1970s in music)
Image 18British rock band Led Zeppelin was one of the most popular and influential bands of the 1970s. The band's heavy, guitar-driven sound has led them to be cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal. (from 1970s)
Image 19Idi Amin (from 1970s)
Image 20Galaxian (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 21Actress Camille Keaton in 1972. Throughout most of the decade, women preferred light, natural-looking make-up for the daytime. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 22King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (from 1970s)
Image 23The world map of military alliances in 1970s: Western allies (blue), Non-aligned countries (green) and Soviet allies (red) (from 1970s)
Image 24The Vietnam War (1955–1975) (from 1970s)
Image 25Magnavox Odyssey (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 26Swedish model Efva Attling in a "midi" dress, Kings Road, London, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 27Aldo Moro (from 1970s)
Image 28Los Angeles high school students, 1973. The tousled, blond surfer hair was popular for young men in southern California. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 29Linda Ronstadt in 1976 (from 1970s in music)
Image 30Bruce Lee fostered the popularity of martial arts cinema (from 1970s)
Image 31In 1971 hotpants and bell-bottomed trousers were popular fashion trends (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 32Pong arcade machine (1972) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 33Loretta Lynn (from 1970s in music)
Image 341976 flyer advertising the racing game Fonz (from 1970s in video games)
Image 35John Denver, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 36Diane von Fürstenberg's wrap dress, designed in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 37Silk scarves were popular fashion accessories for women in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 38British girls in 1975 in flared jeans (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 39Led Zeppelin, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 40Pink Floyd performing The Dark Side of the Moon in 1973, the highest-selling album of the decade and one of the highest-selling of all time. (from 1970s)
Image 41British rock band Queen (pictured here in 1977) was considered to be one of the most influential bands of the '70s (as well as the '80s), along with American rock band Eagles and others (from 1970s)
Image 42El Tri Band founder Alex Lora, on stage with the band in 2006 (from 1970s in music)
Image 43America's first space station Skylab in orbit February 8, 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 44Kansas (from 1970s in music)
Image 45The British band The Bee Gees were one of the biggest musical acts of the 1970s leading the disco phenomenon (from 1970s in music)
Image 46 Fairchild Channel F (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 47The Bee Gees, in 1968 (from 1970s in music)
Image 48An artist impression of an American Apollo spacecraft and Soviet Soyuz spacecraft docking, a propaganda portrait for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission (from 1970s)
Image 49Mao Zedong wearing gray Zhongshan suit, 1972. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 50Two women in 1979 wear the trendy tube tops, while the woman on the far left is wearing a rayon strapless dress (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 511970 Dodge Challenger Trans Am, an example of a muscle car in the earlier part of the decade. (from 1970s)
Image 52Anti-war protest against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C., on April 24, 1971. (from 1970s)
Image 53Egyptian military vehicles crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War. (from 1970s)
Image 54Line at a gas station in Maryland, June 15, 1979. (from 1970s)
Image 55Ramones's lead guitarist Johnny Ramone performing in Toronto, 1977 (from 1970s in music)
Image 56Apple II (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 57Microvision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 58A couple at prom in late 1970s: Powder Tuxedo and sleeved dress. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 59Punk pioneer Lene Lovich in 1979, with her trademark long plaited hair. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 60Clockwise from top left: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office following the Watergate scandal in 1974; The United States was still involved in the Vietnam War in the early decade. The New York Times leaked information regarding the nation's involvement in the war. Political pressure led to America's withdrawal from the war in 1973, and the Fall of Saigon in 1975 leading to evacuations of South Vietnamese that same year; the 1973 oil crisis causes a financial crisis throughout the developed world; both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; in 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces commits the 1971 Bangladesh genocide to curb independence movements in East Pakistan, killing 300,000 to 3,000,000 people; this consequently leads to the Bangladesh Liberation War; the 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan in November 1970, and became the deadliest natural disaster in 40 years; the Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousts Mohammad Reza Pahlavi who is later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; the popularity of the disco music genre and subculture peaks during the mid-to-late 1970s.
(from 1970s)
Image 61Home Pong console (museum recreation) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 62Frisbee player Ken Westerfield wearing draw string bell bottoms in the 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 63Paul Anka in 1961 (from 1970s in music)
Image 64Willie Nelson became one of the most popular country music artists during the 1970s. (from 1970s in music)
Image 65English girl in the mid-1970s wearing a wide-sleeved shirt, belted at the waist. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 66Jose Jose (from 1970s in music)
Image 671974 Ford Mustang interior (from 1970s)
Image 68Siouxsie Sioux of the English punk group Siouxsie and the Banshees. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 69By the early 1970s, miniskirts had reached an all-time popularity. This young English woman is wearing a fringed suede miniskirt, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 70Dave Schultz won Stanley Cup two times (from 1970s)
Image 71Debbie Harry of Blondie in 1977. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 72Singer Billy Preston in 1974 wearing an Afro hairstyle. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 73British rock band Killing Floor, 1971. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 74Polistil VG2 Pong clone (1978), made in Italy (from 1970s in video games)
Image 75Charlie Rich (from 1970s in music)
Image 76A Women's Liberation march in Washington, D.C., 1970 (from 1970s)
Image 77The Swedish band ABBA was one of the most commercially successful European bands of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 78Debby Boone song "You Light Up My Life" had the most weeks at number one (from 1970s in music)
Image 79Asteroids (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 80Salah Zulfikar and Zubaida Tharwat in The Other Man (1973) (from 1970s)
Image 81Iranian prince Reza Pahlavi wearing Peacock Revolution-inspired velvet Nehru jacket and geometric print scarf, 1973. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 82VT100 (1978) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 83Isabel Perón becomes the first woman President of Argentina in 1974 and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere. (from 1970s)
Image 84Henry Mancini (from 1970s in music)
Image 85Elton John was one of the most commercially successful solo pop acts of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 86Flared jeans and trousers were popular with both sexes as can be seen at this East German disco party in 1977. In the socialist part of Germany (until 1990), the government regarded western influences on cultural life of their population very critical, but factually tolerated them in many fields. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 87Pink Floyd, 1973 (from 1970s in music)
Image 88Margaret Thatcher shortly before becoming the United Kingdom's first woman Prime Minister in 1979. Thatcher's political and economic agenda began the first government committed to neoliberalism. (from 1970s)
Image 89African American couple, Michigan Avenue, Chicago, July 1975 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 901973 Volvo P1800 sportwagon. (from 1970s)
Image 91Hank Williams (from 1970s in music)
Image 92Park Chung Hee (from 1970s)
Image 93Bob Marley, 1980 (from 1970s in music)
Image 94Death Race (1976) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 95Haile Selassie was overthrown from power in Ethiopia, ending one of the longest-lasting monarchies in world history. (from 1970s)
Image 96Alan Bennett in 1973, wearing a wide necktie (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 97Apollo 17 Astronaut Gene Cernan becomes the last man on the Moon, December 13, 1972 (from 1970s)
Image 98Mid-70s Western-inspired outifts worn by country music group Asleep at the Wheel. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 99Footballer George Best wore long hair in 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 100Singer Barry Manilow wears his hair longish in the soft, layered style favoured by men in the 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 101Example of glam rock costume worn by Roy Wood and Wizzard, early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 102Susana Giménez wearing hotpants, 1977 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 103United States President Jimmy Carter and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II treaty, June 18, 1979, in Vienna, Austria (from 1970s)
Image 104Concorde landing at Farnborough in September 1974 (from 1970s)
Image 105Woman in miniskirt, 1970 (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 106Singer Rod Stewart performing in 1976. He was one of the major British soft rock artists of the 1970s (from 1970s in music)
Image 107Nixon displays the V-for-victory sign as he departs the White House after resigning (from 1970s)
Image 108David Bowie in the early 1970s. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 109In the 1970s, women's hair was usually worn long with a centre parting (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 110Two punks from the late 1970s (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 111Color TV-Game (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 112Pakistan Army General A. A. K. Niazi signing surrender agreement before Sh. Jagjit Singh Aurora of Indian Army after getting defeated in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War against East Pakistan, which eventually liberated as Bangladesh later. (from 1970s)
Image 113AC/DC, August 1979 (from 1970s in music)
Image 114Viking 1, the first of two spacecraft sent to Mars, takes this picture of the landing site in Chryse Planitia (1978) (from 1970s)
Image 115American casual attire, 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 116American First Lady Pat Nixon wears a shirt with the wide collar that was popular until the final years of the decade. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 117Rigo Tovar (from 1970s in music)
Image 118Three Los Angeles Chicanos in 1974. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 119Queen, 1975 (from 1970s in music)
Image 120Intellivision (1979) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 121British singer Rod Stewart, 1976. (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 122Swedish model Ulla Jones dressed in a lurex halter top and matching flared trousers (from 1970s in fashion)
Image 123TRS-80 (1977) (from 1970s in video games)
Image 124The CN Tower was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure. (from 1970s)
Image 125Pong (1972) (from 1970s)
Image 1261979 Iranian Revolution (from 1970s)

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