Back Quercus ilex AN سنديان أخضر Arabic سنديان اخضر ARZ Quercus ilex AST Daş palıd Azerbaijani داش پالید AZB Каменен дъб Bulgarian Hrast crnika BS Alzina Catalan Quercus ilex CEB
| Quercus ilex | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Cerris |
| Section: | Quercus sect. Ilex |
| Species: | Q. ilex
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| Binomial name | |
| Quercus ilex | |
| |
| Species' distribution: Q. ilex (green), Q. rotundifolia (rose) | |
Quercus ilex, the holm oak,[2][3] also (ambiguously, as many oaks are evergreen) evergreen oak,[4] is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the section Ilex of the genus,[5][6] with acorns that mature in a single summer.
- ^ Rankou, H.; M'Sou, S.; Barstow, M.; Harvey-Brown, Y.; Martin, G. (2017). "Quercus ilex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T62537A3116134. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62537A3116134.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Mitchell, Alan F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. London: Collins. p. 237. ISBN 0-00-212035-6.
- ^ Rushforth, Keith (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. London: Trafalgar Square Publishing. p. 1069. ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ Manos, Paul S.; Doyle, Jeff J.; Nixon, Kevin C. (1999). "Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Processes of Molecular Differentiation in Quercus Subgenus Quercus (Fagaceae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 12 (3): 333–349. Bibcode:1999MolPE..12..333M. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0614. PMID 10413627. S2CID 17068984.
- ^ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.), "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns", Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L., Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2, ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5, retrieved 2022-11-16