Oak tree species native to the Mediterranean
Quercus ilex , the evergreen oak ,[ 2] holly oak [ 3] or holm oak is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region . It is a member of the Ilex section of the genus,[ 4] [ 5] with acorns that mature in a single summer.
^ Rankou, H.; M'Sou, S.; Barstow, M.; Harvey-Brown, Y.; Martin, G. (2017). "Quercus ilex " . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017 : e.T62537A3116134. doi :10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62537A3116134.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021 .
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls) . Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland . Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17 .
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Quercus ilex " . The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov) . Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 31 January 2016 .
^ Manos, Paul S.; Doyle, Jeff J.; Nixon, Kevin C. (1999). "Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Processes of Molecular Differentiation in Quercus Subgenus Quercus (Fagaceae)" (PDF) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 12 (3): 333–349. Bibcode :1999MolPE..12..333M . doi :10.1006/mpev.1999.0614 . PMID 10413627 . S2CID 17068984 .
^ Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.), "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns" , Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. , Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38, doi :10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2 , ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5 , retrieved 2022-11-16