Qutbism

Qutbism (Arabic: ٱلْقُطْبِيَّةِ, romanized: al-Quṭbīyya) is an exonym that refers to the Sunni Islamist beliefs and ideology of Sayyid Qutb,^[1] a leading Islamist revolutionary of the Muslim Brotherhood who was executed by the Egyptian government of Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1966.^[2] Influenced by the doctrines of earlier Islamists like Hasan al-Banna and Maududi, Qutbism advocates Islamic extremist violence in order to establish an Islamic government, in addition to promoting offensive Jihad.^[3] Qutbism has been characterized as an Islamofascist and Islamic terrorist ideology.^[3]

Sayyid Qutb's treatises deeply influenced numerous jihadist ideologues and organizations across the Muslim world.^[1]^[4]^[5] Qutbism has gained prominence due to its influence on notable Jihadist figures of contemporary era such as Abdullah Azzam, Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, and Saif al-Adel.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Its ideas have also been adopted by the Salafi-jihadist terrorist organization Islamic State (ISIL).^[8] It was one inspiration that influenced Ruhollah Khomeini in the development of his own ideology, Khomeinism.^[9]

Qutbist literature has been a major source of influence on numerous jihadist movements and organizations that have emerged since the 1970s.^[1]^[4]^[5] These include the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, al-Jama'ah al-Islamiyya, al-Takfir wal-Hijra, the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA), the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), al-Qaeda, al-Nusra Front, and the Islamic State (ISIL), and others that have sought to implement their strategy of waging offensive Jihad.^[1]^[4]^[5]^[10]^[11]^[12]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Polk, William R. (2018). "The Philosopher of the Muslim Revolt, Sayyid Qutb". Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North. The Henry L. Stimson Lectures Series. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 370–380. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfdq.40. ISBN 978-0-300-22290-6. JSTOR j.ctv1bvnfdq.40. LCCN 2017942543.
^ Qutbism Archived 2021-08-01 at the Wayback Machine Earthlysojourner.com
^ ^a ^b Eikmeier, Dale C. (Spring 2007). "Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism" (PDF). The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters. 37 (1). Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Army War College Foundation Press: 84–97. doi:10.55540/0031-1723.2340. ISSN 0031-1723. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Moussalli, Ahmad S. (2012). "Sayyid Qutb: Founder of Radical Islamic Political Ideology". In Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Political Islam (1st ed.). London and New York City: Routledge. pp. 24–26. ISBN 9781138577824. LCCN 2011025970.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cook, David (2015) [2005]. "Radical Islam and Contemporary Jihad Theory". Understanding Jihad (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 102–110. ISBN 9780520287327. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctv1xxt55.10. LCCN 2015010201.
^ Aydınlı, Ersel (2018) [2016]. "The Jihadists pre-9/11". Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.). London and New York City: Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-315-56139-4. LCCN 2015050373.
^ Gallagher, Eugene V.; Willsky-Ciollo, Lydia, eds. (2021). "Al-Qaeda". New Religions: Emerging Faiths and Religious Cultures in the Modern World. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 13–15. ISBN 978-1-4408-6235-9.
^ Baele, Stephane J. (October 2019). Giles, Howard (ed.). "Conspiratorial Narratives in Violent Political Actors' Language" (PDF). Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 38 (5–6). SAGE Publications: 706–734. doi:10.1177/0261927X19868494. hdl:10871/37355. ISSN 1552-6526. S2CID 195448888. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
^ "Why Sayed Qutb inspired Iran's Khomeini and Khamenei". Al-Arabiya News. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
^ Roy, Olivier (1994). The Failure of Political Islam. Translated by Volk, Carol. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-674-29140-9.
^ Jenkins, Frampton, Wilson, Sir John, Dr Martyn, Tom (2020). "Understanding Islamism" (PDF). Policy Exchange. 8 – 10 Great George Street, Westminster, London SW1P 3AE: 1–37. ISBN 978-1-913459-46-8 – via policyexchange.org.uk.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Shay, Shaul (2008). Somalia Between Jihad and Restoration. New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA: Transaction Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4128-0709-8.

[Polk_2018-1] Polk, William R. (2018). "The Philosopher of the Muslim Revolt, Sayyid Qutb". Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North. The Henry L. Stimson Lectures Series. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 370–380. doi:10.2307/j.ctv1bvnfdq.40. ISBN 978-0-300-22290-6. JSTOR j.ctv1bvnfdq.40. LCCN 2017942543.

[2] Qutbism Archived 2021-08-01 at the Wayback Machine Earthlysojourner.com

[Eikmeier_2007-3] Eikmeier, Dale C. (Spring 2007). "Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism" (PDF). The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters. 37 (1). Carlisle, Pennsylvania: Army War College Foundation Press: 84–97. doi:10.55540/0031-1723.2340. ISSN 0031-1723. Retrieved 10 September 2024.

[Moussalli_2012-4] Moussalli, Ahmad S. (2012). "Sayyid Qutb: Founder of Radical Islamic Political Ideology". In Akbarzadeh, Shahram (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Political Islam (1st ed.). London and New York City: Routledge. pp. 24–26. ISBN 9781138577824. LCCN 2011025970.

[Cook_2015-5] Cook, David (2015) [2005]. "Radical Islam and Contemporary Jihad Theory". Understanding Jihad (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 102–110. ISBN 9780520287327. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctv1xxt55.10. LCCN 2015010201.

[6] Aydınlı, Ersel (2018) [2016]. "The Jihadists pre-9/11". Violent Non-State Actors: From Anarchists to Jihadists. Routledge Studies on Challenges, Crises, and Dissent in World Politics (1st ed.). London and New York City: Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-315-56139-4. LCCN 2015050373.

[Gallagher_2021-7] Gallagher, Eugene V.; Willsky-Ciollo, Lydia, eds. (2021). "Al-Qaeda". New Religions: Emerging Faiths and Religious Cultures in the Modern World. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 13–15. ISBN 978-1-4408-6235-9.

[Baele_2019-8] Baele, Stephane J. (October 2019). Giles, Howard (ed.). "Conspiratorial Narratives in Violent Political Actors' Language" (PDF). Journal of Language and Social Psychology. 38 (5–6). SAGE Publications: 706–734. doi:10.1177/0261927X19868494. hdl:10871/37355. ISSN 1552-6526. S2CID 195448888. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

[9] "Why Sayed Qutb inspired Iran's Khomeini and Khamenei". Al-Arabiya News. Retrieved 3 September 2018.

[10] Roy, Olivier (1994). The Failure of Political Islam. Translated by Volk, Carol. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-674-29140-9.

[11] Jenkins, Frampton, Wilson, Sir John, Dr Martyn, Tom (2020). "Understanding Islamism" (PDF). Policy Exchange. 8 – 10 Great George Street, Westminster, London SW1P 3AE: 1–37. ISBN 978-1-913459-46-8 – via policyexchange.org.uk.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[12] Shay, Shaul (2008). Somalia Between Jihad and Restoration. New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA: Transaction Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-4128-0709-8.

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