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Rabies virus

This article is about the virus. For the disease, see Rabies. For other uses, see Rabies (disambiguation).
Rabies lyssavirus
Colorized transmission electron micrograph showing the rabies virus (in red) infecting cultured cells
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Negarnaviricota
Class: Monjiviricetes
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Rhabdoviridae
Genus: Lyssavirus
Species:
Rabies lyssavirus
Member viruses
Synonyms[1]
  • Rabies virus

Rabies virus, scientific name Rabies lyssavirus, is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in animals, including humans. It can cause violence, hydrophobia, and fever. Rabies transmission can also occur through the saliva of animals and less commonly through contact with human saliva. Rabies lyssavirus, like many rhabdoviruses, has an extremely wide host range. In the wild it has been found infecting many mammalian species, while in the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell cultures from mammals, birds, reptiles and insects.[2] Rabies is reported in more than 150 countries and on all continents except Antarctica.[3] The main burden of disease is reported in Asia and Africa, but some cases have been reported also in Europe in the past 10 years, especially in returning travellers.[4]

Rabies lyssavirus has a cylindrical morphology and is a member of the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family. These viruses are enveloped and have a single stranded RNA genome with negative-sense. The genetic information is packaged as a ribonucleoprotein complex in which RNA is tightly bound by the viral nucleoprotein. The RNA genome of the virus encodes five genes whose order is highly conserved. These genes code for nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and the viral RNA polymerase (L).[5] The complete genome sequences range from 11,615 to 11,966 nt in length.[6]

All transcription and replication events take place in the cytoplasm inside a specialized "virus factory", the Negri body (named after Adelchi Negri[7]). These are 2–10 μm in diameter and are typical for a rabies infection and thus have been used as definite histological proof of such infection.[8]

  1. ^ Walker, Peter (15 June 2015). "mplementation of taxon-wide non-Latinized binomial species names in the family Rhabdoviridae" (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 11 February 2019. Rabies virus Rabies lyssavirus rabies virus (RABV)[M13215]
  2. ^ Carter, John; Saunders, Venetia (2007). Virology: Principles and Applications. Wiley. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-470-02386-0.
  3. ^ "Rabies". www.who.int. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  4. ^ Riccardi, Niccolò; Giacomelli, Andrea; Antonello, Roberta Maria; Gobbi, Federico; Angheben, Andrea (June 2021). "Rabies in Europe: An epidemiological and clinical update". European Journal of Internal Medicine. 88: 15–20. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.010. PMID 33934971.
  5. ^ Finke S, Conzelmann KK (August 2005). "Replication strategies of rabies virus". Virus Res. 111 (2): 120–131. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.04.004. PMID 15885837.
  6. ^ "Rabies complete genome". NCBI Nucleotide Database. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  7. ^ synd/2491 at Who Named It?
  8. ^ Albertini AA, Schoehn G, Weissenhorn W, Ruigrok RW (January 2008). "Structural aspects of rabies virus replication". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65 (2): 282–294. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-7298-1. PMC 11131885. PMID 17938861. S2CID 9433653.

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