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Rede Integrada de Transporte

For other uses of "RIT", see RIT (disambiguation).

Rede Integrada de Transporte
Green Line (Linha Verde) biarticulated express buses (ligeirão) at Marechal Floriano Station (Linha 550)
Green Line (Linha Verde) biarticulated express buses (ligeirão) at Marechal Floriano Station (Linha 550)
Overview
LocaleCuritiba, Brazil
Transit typeBus rapid transit
Number of lines6
Number of stations21
Daily ridership2,300,000 per day
Operation
Began operation1974
Technical
System length81.4 km

Rede Integrada de Transporte (also known as RIT, Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈʁedʒĩ ĩteˈɡɾadɐ dʒi tɾɐ̃sˈpɔʁtʃi]; Portuguese for Integrated Transportation Network) is a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Curitiba, Brazil, implemented in 1974. It was one of the first BRT systems in the world and a component of one of the first and most successful examples of transit-oriented development.[1][2]

Curitiba has a well planned and integrated transport network, which includes dedicated lanes on major streets for a bus rapid transit system.[2][3] The buses are long, with 157 bi-articulated (split into three sections) and 29 single-articulated vehicles,[4] and stop at designated elevated tube-shaped stations to allow for fare prepayment and platform level boarding, complete with handicapped access. A small ramp folds down from the bus onto the platform so there is no gap to cross to enter or leave the vehicle. All door loading and fare prepayment allows for short dwell times in stations. 20% of the stations have passing lanes to allow for express services[5][6] The system, used by 85% of Curitiba's population (2.3 million passengers a day),[7][8] is the source of inspiration[9] for the TransMilenio in Bogotá, Colombia, Metropolitano in Lima, Peru, TransJakarta in Jakarta, Indonesia, Metrovia in Guayaquil, Ecuador as well as the Emerald Express (EmX) of Eugene, Oregon and G Line of the Los Angeles, California, The Strip and Downtown Express in Las Vegas, Nevada and for a future transportation system in Panama City, Panama, Transmetro system in Guatemala City, Guatemala, the Metrobús of Mexico City and Buenos Aires,[10] Argentina, and for the city of Bangalore.[11]

Recently, the transportation system has been facing problems due to its reduced fleet and lack of maintenance. Buses represent only 1% of automobiles and overcrowding is a serious problem.[12] Curitiba is the Brazilian capital with the highest automobiles per inhabitants ratio, with 1.2 million vehicles for a population of 1.8 million inhabitants,[13] which explains the frequent traffic jams in the city.[14] The citizens are forced to find alternative ways of reaching their destinations, given that overcrowding prevents the users of boarding the buses.[15] For opponents of the government, the quality system has worsened since the last bid.[16] Bicycle riders are also forced to illegally use the dedicated lanes,[17] since Curitiba's accessibility to bicycle lanes is poor: Curitiba has just 35 km of exclusive bicycles lanes.[18]

  1. ^ "Recapturing Global Leadership in Bus Rapid Transit – A Survey of Select U.S. Cities" (PDF). Institute for Transportation and Development Policy. May 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2011. pp. 5
  2. ^ a b Cervero, Robert (1998), The Transit Metropolis, Island Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 265–296, ISBN 1-55963-591-6, Chapter 10/Creating a Linear City with a Surface Metro: Curitiba Brazil
  3. ^ The US Government Environmental Protection Agency website highlights the Curitiba transit project, describing the success of the city master plan in numbers.
  4. ^ "Latin America /Brazil/Curitiba". Archived from the original on 8 February 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  5. ^ "Curitiba BRT". Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  6. ^ "Publictransit.us" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 February 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  7. ^ A study on Curitiba transportation by The University of Upsalla
  8. ^ "Curitiba's Bus Rapid Transit: 2.3 Million Passengers a Day". TreeHugger. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  9. ^ "BBC mentions transit system as landmark of Brazil's south". BBC. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  10. ^ "Diario La Nación (Spanish)". Lanacion.com.ar. 13 June 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  11. ^ Indian Institute of Technology Delhi states Bangalore to adopt Curitiba transit system. These cities are listed in a study from Sidney University on Bus Rapid Transit, as well as in a study by the Japanese Institute for Global Environment Strategies with the UN Collaborating Center on Energy and Environment at the Risoe National Laboratory of Denmark which echoes this list.
  12. ^ "Bem Paraná – Ônibus são 1% da frota, mas estão em 10% dos acidentes". Bemparana.com.br. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  13. ^ sábado, 27 setembro, 2008 (21 April 2008). "Curitiba tem maior frota de veículos por habitantes do Brasil « Área de Trabalho". Areadetrabalho.wordpress.com. Retrieved 18 October 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ "CMI Brasil – Inferno nas ruas de Curitiba". Midiaindependente.org. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  15. ^ "Passageiros reclamam que superlotação é constante – Paraná-Online – Paranaense como você". Pron.com.br. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  16. ^ "Bem Paraná – Bancada de oposição cobra respostas para problemas do transporte coletivo". Bemparana.com.br. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  17. ^ "Em teste, ciclistas teimam em andar nas canaletas – Vida e Cidadania". Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  18. ^ "Mais do que lazer, bicicleta é transporte alternativo – Vida e Cidadania". Gazeta do Povo. Retrieved 18 October 2011.

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