Back Respublikaçı Faşist Partiyası Azerbaijani Рэспубліканская фашысцкая партыя Byelorussian Републиканска фашистка партия Bulgarian Partit Feixista Republicà Catalan Fašistická strana republikánská Czech Partito Fascista Repubblicano German Partido Fascista Republicano Spanish Parti fasciste républicain French המפלגה הרפובליקנית הפשיסטית HE Partito Fascista Repubblicano Italian
Republican Fascist Party Partito Fascista Repubblicano | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PFR |
| Duce | Benito Mussolini |
| Secretary | Alessandro Pavolini |
| Founded | 13 September 1943 |
| Dissolved | 2 May 1945[a] |
| Preceded by | National Fascist Party |
| Succeeded by | Italian Social Movement (de facto) |
| Headquarters | Palazzo Castani, Milan |
| Newspaper | Il Lavoro Fascista |
| Paramilitary wing | Black Brigades (from 1944) |
| Membership | 900,000 (1943 est.) |
| Ideology | Italian fascism Sansepolcrismo Anti-monarchism Pro-Nazism[1][2][3][4][5] |
| Political position | Far-right[6][7] |
| Colours | Black[8] |
| Anthem | "Giovinezza"[9] |
| Party flag | |
.svg) | |
The Republican Fascist Party (Italian: Partito Fascista Repubblicano, PFR) was a political party in Italy led by Benito Mussolini during the German occupation of Central and Northern Italy and was the sole legal representative party of the Italian Social Republic. The PFR was the successor to the National Fascist Party but was more influenced by pre-1922 early radical fascism and anti-monarchism, as its members considered King Victor Emmanuel III to be a traitor after his signing of the surrender to the Allies.
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- ^ Arrigo Petacco, Il comunista in camicia nera: Nicola Bombacci tra Lenin e Mussolini, Milano, Mondadori, 1997.
- ^ Roberto D'Angeli, Storia del Partito Fascista Repubblicano, Roma, Castelvecchi, 2016.
- ^ Guerrazzi, Amedeo Osti. "9 From Fascism to the Italian Civil War: The Republican Fascist’s Identity from 1943 to 1945." Italy and the Second World War. Brill, 2018. 203-223.
- ^ Roggi, Alessandra. "The role of ideology in the Italian Social Republic (1943-1945)." The role of ideology in the Italian Social Republic (1943-1945) (2015): 676-687.
- ^ Berardi, Silvio. "L’impossibile dialogo tra repubblicani fascisti e repubblicani storici (ottobre 1943-aprile 1944)." MONDO CONTEMPORANEO 2015/1 (2015).
- ^ Mack Smith, Denis (1983). Mussolini. New York, NY: Vintage Books. pp. 43, 44. ISBN 0394716582.
- ^ Raniolo, Francesco (2013). I partiti politici. Roma: Editori Laterza. pp. 116–117.
- ^ Adams, Sean; Morioka, Noreen; Stone, Terry Lee (2006). Color Design Workbook: A Real World Guide to Using Color in Graphic Design. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport Publishers. pp. 86. ISBN 159253192X. OCLC 60393965.
- ^ Olick, Jeffrey K. 2003. States of Memory-CL: continuities, conflicts, and transformations in national retrospection. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3063-6. p. 69.