Back فقد الذاكرة الرجعي Arabic Retrograd amnesi Danish Retrograde Amnesie German Amnesia retrógrada Spanish یادزدودگی پس‌گستر Persian Retrogradinen amnesia Finnish שיכחון למוקדם HE Retrogradna amnezija Croatian Retrográd amnézia Hungarian Amnesia retrograda Italian

Retrograde amnesia

Retrograde amnesia
SpecialtyNeurology

In neurology, retrograde amnesia (RA) is the inability to access memories or information from before an injury or disease occurred.[1] RA differs from a similar condition called anterograde amnesia (AA), which is the inability to form new memories following injury or disease onset.[2] Although an individual can have both RA and AA at the same time, RA can also occur on its own; this 'pure' form of RA can be further divided into three types: focal, isolated, and pure RA.[3] RA negatively affects an individual's episodic, autobiographical, and declarative memory, but they can still form new memories because RA leaves procedural memory intact.[3] Depending on its severity, RA can result in either temporally graded or more permanent memory loss.[3] However, memory loss usually follows Ribot's law, which states that individuals are more likely to lose recent memories than older memories.[4] Diagnosing RA generally requires using an Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) and observing brain structure through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a computed tomography scan (CT), or electroencephalography (EEG).[3][5][6]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hunkin_1995 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Lafleche G, Verfaellie M (2017). "Anterograde Amnesia". In Kreutzer J, DeLuca J, Caplan B (eds.). Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1106-2. ISBN 978-3-319-56782-2.
  3. ^ a b c d Lafleche G, Verfaellie M (2011). "Retrograde Amnesia". In Kreutzer J, DeLuca J, Caplan B (eds.). Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 2167–2170. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1152. ISBN 978-0-387-79947-6.
  4. ^ Wixted JT (February 2004). "The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting". Annual Review of Psychology. 55: 235–269. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141555. PMID 14744216. S2CID 3057114.
  5. ^ Reed JM, Squire LR (May 1998). "Retrograde amnesia for facts and events: findings from four new cases". The Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (10): 3943–54. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-10-03943.1998. PMC 6793126. PMID 9570821.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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