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Rhizosphere

Some rhizosphere processes in the soil
(A) Root system architecture is concerned with structural features of the root and responds to with environmental stimuli. (B) The rhizosphere produces photosynthetically fixed carbon that exudes into the soil and influences soil physicochemical gradients. (C) Free-living or parasitic nematodes interact with the rhizosphere via signaling interactions. (D) Mycorrhizal fungi create intimate relationships with the roots and engage in nutrient exchange. (E) Bacterial composition is distinct upon different parts, age, type of the roots.[1]

The rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil or substrate that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms known as the root microbiome.[2] Soil pores in the rhizosphere can contain many bacteria and other microorganisms that feed on sloughed-off plant cells, termed rhizodeposition,[3] and the proteins and sugars released by roots, termed root exudates.[4] This symbiosis leads to more complex interactions, influencing plant growth and competition for resources. Much of the nutrient cycling and disease suppression by antibiotics required by plants occurs immediately adjacent to roots due to root exudates and metabolic products of symbiotic and pathogenic communities of microorganisms.[5] The rhizosphere also provides space to produce allelochemicals to control neighbours and relatives.[6]

The rhizoplane refers to the root surface including its associated soil particles which closely interact with each other.[7] The plant-soil feedback loop and other physical factors occurring at the plant-root soil interface are important selective pressures in communities and growth in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane.[8]

  1. ^ Yee, Mon Oo; Kim, Peter; Li, Yifan; Singh, Anup K.; Northen, Trent R.; Chakraborty, Romy (26 March 2021). "Specialized Plant Growth Chamber Designs to Study Complex Rhizosphere Interactions". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12. Frontiers Media SA: 625752. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.625752. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 8032546. PMID 33841353. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  2. ^ "Microbial Health of the Rhizosphere". Archived from the original on March 12, 2007. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
  3. ^ Hütsch, Birgit W.; Augustin, Jürgen; Merbach, Wolfgang (2002). "Plant rhizodeposition – an important source for carbon turnover in soils". Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science. 165 (4): 397–407. doi:10.1002/1522-2624(200208)165:4<397::AID-JPLN397>3.0.CO;2-C – via Research Gate.
  4. ^ Walker, Travis S.; Bais, Harsh Pal; Grotewold, Erich; Vivanco, Jorge M. (2003). "Root exudation and rhizosphere biology". Plant Physiology. 132 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1104/pp.102.019661. PMC 1540314. PMID 12746510.
  5. ^ Ingham, Elaine R. "The Soil Food Web". USDA-NRCS. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Grayston1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Estermann, Eva F.; McLaren, A. D. (1961). "Contribution of rhizoplane organisms to the total capacity of plants to utilize organic nutrients". Plant and Soil. 15 (3): 243–260. doi:10.1007/BF01400458. S2CID 35099987.
  8. ^ McNear Jr., David H. (2013). "The Rhizosphere - roots, soil and everything in between". Nature Education. 4 (3): 1.

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