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Rindler coordinates

Rindler coordinates are a coordinate system used in the context of special relativity to describe the hyperbolic acceleration of a uniformly accelerating reference frame in flat spacetime. In relativistic physics the coordinates of a hyperbolically accelerated reference frame[H 1][1] constitute an important and useful coordinate chart representing part of flat Minkowski spacetime.[2][3][4][5] In special relativity, a uniformly accelerating particle undergoes hyperbolic motion, for which a uniformly accelerating frame of reference in which it is at rest can be chosen as its proper reference frame. The phenomena in this hyperbolically accelerated frame can be compared to effects arising in a homogeneous gravitational field. For general overview of accelerations in flat spacetime, see Acceleration (special relativity) and Proper reference frame (flat spacetime).

In this article, the speed of light is defined by c = 1, the inertial coordinates are (X, Y, Z, T), and the hyperbolic coordinates are (x, y, z, t). These hyperbolic coordinates can be separated into two main variants depending on the accelerated observer's position: If the observer is located at time T = 0 at position X = 1/α (with α as the constant proper acceleration measured by a comoving accelerometer), then the hyperbolic coordinates are often called Rindler coordinates with the corresponding Rindler metric.[6] If the observer is located at time T = 0 at position X = 0, then the hyperbolic coordinates are sometimes called Møller coordinates[1] or Kottler–Møller coordinates with the corresponding Kottler–Møller metric.[7] An alternative chart often related to observers in hyperbolic motion is obtained using Radar coordinates[8] which are sometimes called Lass coordinates.[9][10] Both the Kottler–Møller coordinates as well as Lass coordinates are denoted as Rindler coordinates as well.[11]

Regarding the history, such coordinates were introduced soon after the advent of special relativity, when they were studied (fully or partially) alongside the concept of hyperbolic motion: In relation to flat Minkowski spacetime by Albert Einstein (1907, 1912),[H 2] Max Born (1909),[H 1] Arnold Sommerfeld (1910),[H 3] Max von Laue (1911),[H 4] Hendrik Lorentz (1913),[H 5] Friedrich Kottler (1914),[H 6] Wolfgang Pauli (1921),[H 7] Karl Bollert (1922),[H 8] Stjepan Mohorovičić (1922),[H 9] Georges Lemaître (1924),[H 10] Einstein & Nathan Rosen (1935),[H 2] Christian Møller (1943, 1952),[H 11] Fritz Rohrlich (1963),[12] Harry Lass (1963),[13] and in relation to both flat and curved spacetime of general relativity by Wolfgang Rindler (1960, 1966).[14][15] For details and sources, see § History.


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  11. ^ For instance, Birrell & Davies (1982), pp. 110–111 or Padmanabhan (2010), p. 126 denote equations (2g, 2h) as Rindler coordinates or Rindler frame; Tilbrook (1997) pp. 864–864 or Jones & Wanex (2006) denote equations (2a, 2b) as Rindler coordinates
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rohrlich was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lass was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rindler1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rindler2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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