Back أس-75 دفينا Arabic S-75 Dvina Azerbaijani С-75 Byelorussian С-75 Двина Bulgarian S-75 Dvina Czech S-75 German S-75 Dvina Spanish اس-۷۵ دوینا Persian S-75 Finnish S-75 Dvina French
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| S-75 Desna / V-750 SA-2 Guideline, SA-N-2 Guideline | |
|---|---|
 S-75 Dvina in the National Museum of Military History, Sofia, Bulgaria | |
| Type | Strategic SAM system |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1957–present |
| Used by | See list of present and former operators |
| Wars |
|
| Production history | |
| Designer | Raspletin KB-1 (head developer), Grushin MKB Fakel (missile developer), |
| Designed | 1953–1957 |
| Produced | 1957 |
| No. built | Approx 4,600 launchers produced[1] |
| Variants | SA-75 Dvina, S-75 Desna, S-75M Volkhov/Volga |
| Specifications (V-750[2]) | |
| Mass | 2,300 kg (5,100 lb) |
| Length | 10,600 mm (34 ft 9 in) |
| Diameter | 700 mm (28 in) |
| Warhead | Frag-HE |
| Warhead weight | 195 kg (430 lb)[2] |
Detonation mechanism | Command |
| Propellant | Solid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage |
Operational range | 45 km (28 mi) |
| Flight altitude | 25,000 m (82,000 ft) |
| Boost time | 5 seconds boost, then 20 seconds sustain |
| Maximum speed | Mach 3.5 (2,600 mph) |
Guidance system | Radio control command guidance |
| Accuracy | 65 m (210 ft) |
Launch platform | Single rail, ground mounted (not mobile) |
The S-75 (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system. It is built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Following its first deployment in 1957 it became one of the most widely deployed air defence systems in history. It scored the first destruction of an enemy aircraft by a surface-to-air missile, with the shooting down of a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra over China on 7 October 1959 that was hit by a salvo of three V-750 (1D) missiles at an altitude of 20 km (66,000 ft).[3] This success was credited to Chinese fighter aircraft at the time to keep the S-75 program secret.[4]
This system first gained international fame when an S-75 battery, using the newer, longer-range, higher-altitude V-750VN (13D) missile was deployed in the 1960 U-2 incident, when it shot down the U-2 of Francis Gary Powers overflying the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960.[5] The system was also deployed in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when it shot down another U-2 (piloted by Rudolf Anderson) overflying Cuba on October 27, 1962, almost precipitating a nuclear war.[6] North Vietnamese forces used the S-75 extensively during the Vietnam War to successfully defend Hanoi and Haiphong against US bombing. It was produced in the People's Republic of China under the names HQ-1 (under licence) and HQ-2 (modified, named FT-2000A). Egyptian engineers produced a reverse-engineered S-75 with the name Tayir-as-Sabah.[7]
- ^ "Зенитная Ракетная Система С-75 (SA-2 Guideline)" [S-75 Anti-Aircraft Missile System (SA-2 Guideline)]. Vestnik PVO (in Russian). 3 December 2005. Archived from the original on 27 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.
- ^ a b Cullen & Foss 1992, pp. 257−261.
- ^ Leone, Dario (7 October 2020). "How a Chinese SA-2 shot down a Taiwanese RB-57D and scored the first ever SAM-Kill". The Aviation Geek Club.
- ^ Zaloga 2007, p. 8: "On October 7, 1959, one of the Taiwanese RB-57Ds was struck at an altitude of 65,600ft (20km) by a salvo of three V-750 missiles"
- ^ Zaloga 2007, p. 9.
- ^ Zaloga 2007, p. 11.
- ^ "V-75 SA-2 Guideline". Federation of American Scientists. 23 June 2000. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016.