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Saccharomyces boulardii

Saccharomyces boulardii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Saccharomycetes
Order: Saccharomycetales
Family: Saccharomycetaceae
Genus: Saccharomyces
Species:
S. boulardii
Binomial name
Saccharomyces boulardii
Seguela, Bastide & Massot, 1923 (nom. inval.)
Type strain
Hansen CBS 5926
Synonyms
  • S. cerevisiae var. boulardii

Saccharomyces boulardii is a tropical yeast first isolated from lychee and mangosteen fruit peel in 1923 by French scientist Henri Boulard. Although early reports claimed distinct taxonomic, metabolic, and genetic properties,[1] S. boulardii is genetically a grouping of S. cerevisiae strains, sharing >99% genomic relatedness, giving the synonym S. cerevisiae var. boulardii.[2][3][4]

S. boulardii is sometimes used as a probiotic with the purpose of introducing beneficial microbes into the large and small intestines and conferring protection against pathogens.[5][6][7] It grows at 37 °C (98.6 °F).[8] In addition, the popular genome-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 was proven to be effective in S. boulardii.[9] Boulard first isolated this yeast after he observed natives of Southeast Asia chewing on the skin of lychee and mangosteen in an attempt to control the symptoms of cholera. In healthy people, S. boulardii has been shown to be nonpathogenic and nonsystemic (it remains in the gastrointestinal tract rather than spreading elsewhere in the body).

  1. ^ Malgoire JY, Bertout S, Renaud F, Bastide JM, Mallié M (March 2005). "Typing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae clinical strains by using microsatellite sequence polymorphism". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 43 (3): 1133–1137. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.3.1133-1137.2005. PMC 1081240. PMID 15750073.
  2. ^ Khatri I, Tomar R, Ganesan K, Prasad GS, Subramanian S (March 2017). "Complete genome sequence and comparative genomics of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 371. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..371K. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00414-2. PMC 5428479. PMID 28336969. [Note on source: The authors assign strain names based on the supplier of the probiotic. Of these suppliers, Biocodex and EDRL both claim to use the CNCM I-745 strain on their website.]
  3. ^ Rajkowska K, Kunicka-Styczyńska A (January 2009). "Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of probiotic yeasts". Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 23 (supplement 1): 662–5. doi:10.1080/13102818.2009.10818511. S2CID 84649167.
  4. ^ Łukaszewicz M (2012). "Chapter 16: Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii – Probiotic Yeast". In Rigobelo EC (ed.). Probiotics. pp. 385–98. ISBN 978-953-51-0776-7.
  5. ^ Rajkowska K, Kunicka-Styczyńska A (April 2012). "Probiotic Activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii Against Human Pathogens" (PDF). Food Technology and Biotechnology. 50: 230–36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  6. ^ Toma MM, Raipulis J, Kalnina I, Rutkis R (June 2005). "Effect of Probiotic Yeast on Genotoxicity" (PDF). Food Technology and Biotechnology. 43: 301–05. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  7. ^ Soccol CR, Vandenberghe LP, Spier MR, Medeiros AB, Yamaguishi CT, Lindner JD, Pandey A, Thomaz-Soccol V (June 2010). "The Potential of Probiotics: A Review" (PDF). Food Technology and Biotechnology. 48: 413–34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  8. ^ McFarland LV, Bernasconi P (1993). "Saccharomyces boulardii: a review of an innovative biotherapeutic agent". Microb Ecol Health Dis. 6 (4): 157–71. doi:10.3109/08910609309141323.
  9. ^ Liu JJ, Kong II, Zhang GC, Jayakody LN, Kim H, Xia PF, et al. (April 2016). "Metabolic Engineering of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 82 (8): 2280–2287. Bibcode:2016ApEnM..82.2280L. doi:10.1128/AEM.00057-16. PMC 4959471. PMID 26850302.

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