Saint John, New Brunswick

Saint John
City
The City of Saint John[a]
Skyline of Uptown Saint John Imperial Theatre New Brunswick Museum Reversing Falls Bridge Saint John City Market Germain Street row houses King's Square
Coat of arms Logo
Nicknames:  "Port City"[1]
Motto(s):  "O Fortunati Quorum Jam Moenia Surgunt" (Latin for, "O Fortunate Ones Whose Walls Are Now Rising." or "O Happy They, Whose Promised Walls Already Rise")
Saint John Location of Saint John Show map of New Brunswick Saint John Saint John (Canada) Show map of Canada
Coordinates: 45°16′50″N 66°04′34″W / 45.28056°N 66.07611°W / 45.28056; -66.07611
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
Historic countries	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Great Britain United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
County	Saint John
Parish	City of Saint John[3]
Founded on	June 24, 1604[4]
Major Settlement Started	1783[4]
Incorporation	May 18, 1785 (1785-05-18)
Named for	Saint John River
Government
• Mayor	Donna Reardon
• Governing body	Saint John City Council
• MPs	Wayne Long (Lib.)
• MLAs	John Dornan (Lib.) Kate Elman Wilcott (Lib.) David Hickey (Lib.) Ian Lee (PC) Glen Savoie (PC)
Area [2]
• Land	315.59 km2 (121.85 sq mi)
• Urban	70.05 km2 (27.05 sq mi)
• Metro	3,505.66 km2 (1,353.54 sq mi)
Highest elevation	80.8 m (265.1 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2021)
• City	69,895[2]
• Density	221.5/km2 (574/sq mi)
• Urban	63,447[5]
• Urban density	905.8/km2 (2,346/sq mi)
• Metro	130,613[6]
• Metro density	37.3/km2 (97/sq mi)
• City Pop 2016–2021	3.4%
• Dwellings	31,825
Demonym(s)	Saint Johner, Saint-Jeannois(e), Johner (colloquial)
Time zone	UTC– 04:00 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC– 03:00 (ADT)
Canadian Postal code	E2H, E2J, E2K, E2L, E2M, E2N, E2P, E2R, and E2S
Area code	506 and 428
Telephone exchanges	202, 214, 333, 343, 557–8, 592, 608, 631–640, 642–654, 657–8, 663, 672, 674, 693–4, 696, 721, 977
Highways	Route 1 Route 7 Route 100 Route 111 Route 820 Route 825
NTS Map	21G8 Saint John
GNBC Code	DAEGW[7]
GDP (Saint John CMA)	CA$6.4 billion (2016)[8]
GDP per capita (Saint John CMA)	CA$51,021 (2016)
Website	saintjohn.ca/en

Saint John is a seaport city located on the Bay of Fundy in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It is Canada's oldest incorporated city,^[b] established by royal charter on May 18, 1785, during the reign of George III.^[9] The port is Canada's third-largest by tonnage with a cargo base that includes dry and liquid bulk, break bulk, containers, and cruise.^[10] The city has a strong industrial base, including oil refining and manufacturing, matched with finance and tourism sectors and research institutions such as the New Brunswick Museum and the University of New Brunswick. Saint John was the most populous in New Brunswick until the 2016 census, when it was overtaken by Moncton. It is currently the second-largest city in the province, with a population of 69,895 over an area of 315.59 km² (121.85 sq mi).^[11]

French explorer Samuel de Champlain landed at Saint John Harbour on June 24, 1604, the feast of St. John the Baptist, and named the Saint John River in his honour;^[12][13] the indigenous Mi'kmaq and Wolastoqiyik peoples called the river "Wolastoq". The Saint John area was an important area for trade and defence for Acadia during the French colonial era, and Fort La Tour, in the city's harbour, was a pivotal battleground during the Acadian Civil War.^[14]

After more than a century of ownership disputes between the French and English over the land surrounding Saint John, the British government deported the Acadians in 1755 following the destruction of Fort Menagoueche, which was reconstructed as Fort Frederick. Following the pillaging and burning of Fort Frederick by American Privateers, Fort Howe was constructed across the river above the harbour in 1779. In 1785, the City of Saint John was established by uniting the two communities of Parr-town^[15] and Carleton on either side of the harbour after the arrival of thousands of refugees from the newly founded United States who wished to remain British after the American Revolution. During the next century, immigration via Partridge Island, especially during the Great Famine, would fundamentally change the city's demographics and culture.

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