Back توراة سامرية Arabic توراه سامريه ARZ Pentateuc samarità Catalan Samaritánský Pentateuch Czech Самарянсен Пиллĕк кĕнеки CV Samaritanischer Pentateuch German Σαμαρείτισσα Πεντάτευχο Greek Pentateŭko de Samarianoj Esperanto Pentateuco samaritano Spanish پنجگانه سامری Persian
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The Samaritan Pentateuch, also called the Samaritan Torah (Samaritan Hebrew: ࠕࠦࠅࠓࠡࠄ, Tūrā), is the sacred scripture of the Samaritans.[1] Written in the Samaritan script, it dates back to one of the ancient versions of the Torah that existed during the Second Temple period. It constitutes the entire biblical canon in Samaritanism.[1]
Some six thousand differences exist between the Samaritan and the Jewish Masoretic Text. Most are minor variations in the spelling of words or grammatical constructions, but others involve significant semantic changes, such as the uniquely Samaritan commandment to construct an altar on Mount Gerizim. Nearly two thousand of these textual variations agree with the Koine Greek Septuagint and some are shared with the Latin Vulgate. Throughout their history, Samaritans have used translations of the Samaritan Pentateuch into Aramaic, Greek, and Arabic, as well as liturgical and exegetical works based upon it.
It first became known to the Western world in 1631, proving the first example of the Samaritan alphabet and sparking an intense theological debate regarding its relative age versus the Masoretic Text.[2] This first published copy, much later labelled as Codex B by August von Gall, became the source of most Western critical editions of the Samaritan Pentateuch until the latter half of the 20th century; today the codex is held in the Bibliothèque nationale de France.[3]
Some Pentateuchal manuscripts discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls have been identified as bearing a "pre-Samaritan" text type.[4][5]
- ^ a b Florentin, Moshe (2013). "Samaritan Pentateuch". In Khan, Geoffrey; Bolozky, Shmuel; Fassberg, Steven; Rendsburg, Gary A.; Rubin, Aaron D.; Schwarzwald, Ora R.; Zewi, Tamar (eds.). Encyclopedia of Hebrew Language and Linguistics. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. doi:10.1163/2212-4241_ehll_EHLL_COM_00000282. ISBN 978-90-04-17642-3.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Florentinwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Anderson & Giles 2012, p. 150.
- ^ The Canon Debate, McDonald & Sanders editors, 2002, chapter 6: Questions of Canon through the Dead Sea Scrolls by James C. VanderKam, page 94, citing private communication with Emanuel Tov on biblical manuscripts: Qumran scribe type c. 25%, proto-Masoretic Text c. 40%, pre-Samaritan texts c. 5%, texts close to the Hebrew model for the Septuagint c. 5% and nonaligned c. 25%.
- ^ Tov, Emanuel (2015). "The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Proximity of the Pre-Samaritan Qumran Scrolls to the SP". In Tov, Emanuel (ed.). Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Qumran, Septuagint: Collected Essays, Volume 3. Vetus Testamentum, Supplements. Vol. 167. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 387–410. ISBN 978-90-04-27013-8.