Schallenberg is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Schallenberg family, Austrian noble family
- Alexander Schallenberg (born 1969), Chancellor of Austria
- Wolfgang Schallenberg (1930–2023), Austrian diplomat, father of Alexander
- Herbert, Count of Schallenberg (1901–1974), Austrian diplomat, father of Wolfgang and grandfather of Alexander
- Edmund Schallenberg (1913–1999), American handball player
- Kolja Schallenberg (born 1984), German theatre director
- Ron Schallenberg (born 1998), German professional footballer