Back Пажыццёвы сенатар (Італія) Byelorussian Senator auf Lebenszeit German Sénateur à vie de la République italienne French Ցմահ սենատոր (Իտալիա) Armenian Senatore a vita (ordinamento italiano) Italian Senator voor het leven (Italië) Dutch Senatorowie dożywotni we Włoszech Polish Пожизненный сенатор (Италия) Russian Довічний сенатор (Італія) Ukrainian
Senators for life in Italy (Italian: senatori a vita) are members of the Italian Senate who are either appointed, limited in number up to five, by the Italian president "for outstanding patriotic merits in the social, scientific, artistic or literary field" or are former presidents and thus senators for life ex officio.
Every president of the Italian Republic has made at least one appointment of a senator for life, with the exception of Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (since in his term there were more than five). President Giorgio Napolitano appointed Professor Mario Monti on 9 November 2011 and conductor Claudio Abbado, researcher Elena Cattaneo, architect Renzo Piano and Nobel-laureate physicist Carlo Rubbia on 30 August 2013. The president who appointed the highest number of senators for life was Luigi Einaudi, who made eight appointments during his term.
Senators for life can decide not to be part of any parliamentary group, as opposed to elected senators who, if not affiliated with any specific political movement, automatically become members of the Mixed Group.