Shaanxi

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Shaanxi 陕西
Province
Province of Shaanxi
Name transcription(s)
• Abbreviation	SN / 陕 Shǎn / 秦 Qín
(clockwise from top) View from Mount Hua Yan'an Qianling Mausoleum Terracotta Army Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, Xi'an
Map showing the location of Shaanxi Province
Coordinates: 35°36′N 108°24′E / 35.6°N 108.4°E / 35.6; 108.4
Country	China
Capital (and largest city)	Xi'an
Divisions	10 prefectures, 107 counties, 1745 townships
Government
• Type	Province
• Body	Shaanxi Provincial People's Congress
• CCP Secretary	Zhao Yide
• Congress chairman	Zhao Yide
• Governor	Zhao Gang
• CPPCC chairman	Xu Xinrong
• National People's Congress Representation	71 deputies
Area [1]
• Total	205,800 km2 (79,500 sq mi)
• Rank	11th
Highest elevation (Mount Taibai)	3,771 m (12,372 ft)
Population  (2020)[2]
• Total	39,530,000
• Rank	16th
• Density	190/km2 (500/sq mi)
• Rank	21st
Demographics
• Ethnic composition	Han – 99.5% Others – 0.5%
• Languages and dialects	Jin Chinese, Zhongyuan Mandarin
GDP (2023)[3]
• Total	CN¥ 3,779 billion (14th) US$ 479 billion
• Per capita	CN¥85,448 (12th; US$12,126)
ISO 3166 code	CN-SN
HDI (2022)	0.792[4] (12th) – high
Website	shaanxi.gov.cn

Shaanxi^[a] is an inland province in Northwestern China. It borders the province-level divisions of Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi and Henan to the east, Hubei, Chongqing, and Sichuan to the south, and Gansu and Ningxia to the west. Shaanxi covers an area of over 205,000 km² (79,151 sq mi) with about 37 million people, the 16th largest in China. Xi'an – which includes the sites of the former Chinese capitals Fenghao and Chang'an – is the provincial capital as well as the largest city in Northwest China^[5] and also one of the oldest cities in China and the oldest of the Four Great Ancient Capitals, being the capital for the Western Zhou, Western Han, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties.^[6] Xianyang, which served as the Qin dynasty capital, is just north across Wei River. The other prefecture-level cities into which the province is divided are Ankang, Baoji, Hanzhong, Shangluo, Tongchuan, Weinan, Yan'an and Yulin.

The province is geographically divided into three parts, namely Northern, Central and Southern Shaanxi. Northern Shaanxi (or "Shaanbei") makes up the southeastern portion of the Ordos Basin and mainly comprises the two prefectural cities of Yulin and Yan'an on the northern Loess Plateau, demarcated from the Ordos Desert and the grasslands of Inner Mongolia's Ordos City by the Ming Great Wall. Central Shaanxi (or "Shaanzhong") is also known as the Guanzhong region and comprises the drainage basin of lower Wei River east of Mount Long and north of the Qinling Mountains, where the majority of Shaanxi's population reside. Southern Shaanxi (or "Shaannan") comprises the three prefectural cities in the edge of the historical Bashu region south of the Qinling Mountains and includes the three mountainous cities of Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo.

The area comprising Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Henan formed the cradle of Chinese civilization. In the Republican era of China, the city of Yan'an was near the endpoint of the Long March by the Chinese Red Army, who fled from Jiangxi after the Chinese Soviet Republic were destroyed by the Kuomintang armies, and became the birthplace of the Chinese Communist Revolution from late 1935 to early 1947 and the Communists formed the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region in constituent parts of Shaanxi.

The vast majority of the population of Shaanxi is Han Chinese, with Hui, Manchu and Mongol being the more significant ethnic minorities. Mandarin Chinese is the main spoken language in Shaanxi, including Zhongyuan Mandarin and Southwestern Mandarin dialects; another variety of Chinese, Jin Chinese, is also spoken in the regions neighboring Shanxi.

Shaanxi is China's 15th largest economy, ranking within the middle tier among China's administrative divisions. The fossil fuel and high technology sectors compose the two largest industries in Shaanxi Province. The high technology sector includes aircraft and aerospace industries and Shaanxi produces more than 50% of the R&D and manufacturing equipment for the country's domestic commercial aviation industry.^[7]

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