Back Bahasa Hokkien Singapura ID Hokkien singapurense Portuguese 新加坡福建話 Chinese Sin-ka-pho Hok-kiàn-ōe ZH-MIN-NAN
| Singaporean Hokkien | |
|---|---|
| 新加坡福建話 Sin-ka-pho Hok-kiàn-uē (Tâi-lô) Sin-ka-pho Hok-kiàn-ōe (Pe̍h-ōe-jī) | |
| Native to | Singapore |
Native speakers | 1.2 million (2017)[1] |
Early forms | |
| Chinese characters (Traditional or Simplified) Latin for romanisation (Tâi-lô & Pe̍h-ōe-jī) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | None, lingua franca of the Chinese community in Singapore before the 1980s. |
| Regulated by | None |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nan for Southern Min / Min Nan which encompasses a variety of Hokkien dialects including "Singaporean Hokkien".[5] |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jek |
| Singaporean Hokkien | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 新加坡福建話 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 新加坡福建话 | ||||||||||||
| Tâi-lô | Sin-ka-pho Hok-kiàn-uē | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 新加坡閩南語 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 新加坡闽南语 | ||||||||||||
| Tâi-lô | Sin-ka-pho Bân-lâm-gu / Sin-ka-pho Bân-lâm-gí | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Second alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 新加坡閩南話 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 新加坡闽南话 | ||||||||||||
| Tâi-lô | Sin-ka-pho Bân-lâm-uē | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Singaporean Hokkien[b] is a local variety of the Hokkien language spoken natively in Singapore. Within Chinese linguistic academic circles, this dialect is known as Singaporean Ban-lam Gu.[c] It bears similarities with the Amoy[d] spoken in Amoy, now better known as Xiamen, as well as Taiwanese Hokkien which is spoken in Taiwan.[6]
Hokkien is the Min Nan pronunciation for the province of Fujian, and is generally the term used by the Chinese in Southeast Asia to refer to the 'Banlam' dialect.[e] Singaporean Hokkien generally views Amoy as its prestige dialect, and its accent is predominantly based on a mixture of Quanzhou and Zhangzhou speech, with a greater inclination towards the former.
Like many spoken languages in Singapore, Singaporean Hokkien is influenced by other languages or dialects spoken in Singapore. For instance, Singaporean Hokkien is influenced to a certain degree by Teochew, and is sometimes regarded by non-Singaporean speakers as a combined Hokkien–Teochew speech. In addition, it has many loanwords from Singapore's four official languages of English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil.
Nevertheless, the grammar and tones of Singaporean Hokkien are still largely based on Banlam. When compared to the Taiwanese accent[f] spoken in Tainan and Kaohsiung, the accent and pronunciation of Singaporean Hokkien inclines toward the Quanzhou accent, which is also close to the pronunciation of Taipei and Xiamen, and is less close to that of Tainan, which has a greater inclination towards the Zhangzhou accent.[g]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Ethnologue_treewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
- ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Reclassifying ISO 639-3 [nan]" (PDF). GitHub. 31 August 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
- ^ "Podcast Transcript | Hokkien: How Do You Say "How Are You?"". Learn Dialect Singapore. 11 August 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
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