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| Smoky quartz | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Category | Silicate minerals |
| Formula (repeating unit) | SiO2 |
| Strunz classification | 04.DA.05 |
| Dana classification | 75.01.03.01 |
| Crystal system | α-quartz: trigonal trapezohedral class 3 2; β-quartz: hexagonal 622[1] |
| Space group | Trigonal 32 |
| Unit cell | a = 4.9133 Å, c = 5.4053 Å; Z=3 |
| Identification | |
| Colour | Brown to grey, opaque |
| Crystal habit | 6-sided prism ending in 6-sided pyramid (typical), drusy, fine-grained to microcrystalline, massive |
| Twinning | Common Dauphine law, Brazil law and Japan law |
| Cleavage | {0110} Indistinct |
| Fracture | Conchoidal |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | 7 – lower in impure varieties (defining mineral) |
| Lustre | Vitreous – waxy to dull when massive |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent to nearly opaque |
| Specific gravity | 2.65; variable 2.59–2.63 in impure varieties |
| Optical properties | Uniaxial (+) |
| Refractive index | nω = 1.543–1.545 nε = 1.552–1.554 |
| Birefringence | +0.009 (B-G interval) |
| Pleochroism | weak, from red-brown to green-brown |
| Melting point | 1670 °C (β tridymite) 1713 °C (β cristobalite)[1] |
| Solubility | Insoluble at STP; 1 ppmmass at 400 °C and 500 lb/in2 to 2600 ppmmass at 500 °C and 1500 lb/in2[1] |
| Other characteristics | lattice: hexagonal, Piezoelectric, may be triboluminescent, chiral (hence optically active if not racemic) |
| References | [2][3][4][5] |
Smoky quartz is a brownish grey, translucent variety of quartz that ranges in clarity from almost complete transparency to an almost-opaque brownish-gray or black crystals.[6] The color of smoky quartz is produced when natural radiation, emitted from the surrounding rock, activates color centers around aluminum impurities within the crystalline quartz. [7]
- ^ a b c Deer, W. A., R. A. Howie and J. Zussman, An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals, Logman, 1966, pp. 340–355 ISBN 0-582-44210-9
- ^ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.). "Quartz". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). Vol. III (Halides, Hydroxides, Oxides). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 0962209724.
- ^ Quartz. Mindat.org. Retrieved on 2013-03-07.
- ^ Quartz. Webmineral.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-07.
- ^ Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis (1985). Manual of Mineralogy (20 ed.). ISBN 0-471-80580-7.
- ^ "Smoky Quartz: Smoky Quartz mineral information and data".
- ^ "Smoky Quartz: A transparent brown gem & gem material".