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Social liberalism

"Social liberals" redirects here. For the Austrian political party, see The Social Liberals.
This article is about the ideology. For liberalism as a social philosophy, see Cultural liberalism. Not to be confused with Liberal socialism.

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Social liberalism[a] is a political philosophy and variety of liberalism that endorses social justice, social services, a mixed economy, and the expansion of civil and political rights, as opposed to classical liberalism which favors limited government and an overall more laissez-faire style of governance. While both are committed to personal freedoms, social liberalism places greater emphasis on the role of government in addressing social inequalities and ensuring public welfare.

Economically, social liberalism is based on the social market economy and views the common good as harmonious with the individual's freedom.[9] Social liberals overlap with social democrats in accepting market intervention more than other liberals;[10] its importance is considered auxiliary compared to social democrats.[11] Ideologies that emphasize its economic policy include welfare liberalism,[12] New Deal liberalism and New Democrats in the United States,[13] and Keynesian liberalism.[14] Cultural liberalism is an ideology that highlights its cultural aspects. The world has widely adopted social liberal policies.[15]

Social liberal ideas and parties tend to be considered centre to centre-left, although there are deviations from these positions to both the political left or right.[b][10][16][17] Addressing economic and social issues, such as poverty, welfare, infrastructure, healthcare and education using government intervention, while emphasising individual rights and autonomy, are expectations under a social liberal government.[18][19][20] In modern political discourse, social liberalism is associated with progressivism,[21][22][23] a left-liberalism contrasted to the right-leaning neoliberalism,[24] and combines support for a mixed economy with cultural liberalism.[25]

Social liberalism may also refer to American progressive stances on sociocultural issues,[26] such as reproductive rights and same-sex marriage, in contrast with American social conservatism. Cultural liberalism is often referred to as social liberalism because it expresses the social dimension of liberalism; however, it is not the same as the broader political ideology known as social liberalism. In American politics, a social liberal may hold either conservative (economic liberal) or liberal (economic progressive) views on fiscal policy.[27]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference freeden was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference adams was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Pease, Donald E.; Wiegman, Robyn (eds.) (2002). The Futures of American Studies. Duke University Press. p. 518.
  4. ^ Courtland, Shane D.; Gaus, Gerald; Schmidtz, David (2022), "Liberalism", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, archived from the original on 22 March 2022, retrieved 16 September 2022
  5. ^ Hoensbroech, Paul Kajus Graf (1912). Der Linksliberalismus. Leipzig.
  6. ^ Felix Rachfahl (1912). Eugen Richter und der Linksliberalismus im Neuen Reiche. Berlin.
  7. ^ Ulrich Zeller (1912). Die Linksliberalen. Munich.
  8. ^ José Luis Comellas Del antiguo al nuevo régimen: hasta la muerte de Fernando VII[permanent dead link], pp. 421. (Spanish)
  9. ^ De Ruggiero, Guido (1959). The History of European Liberalism. pp. 155–157.
  10. ^ a b Slomp, Hans (2000). European Politics Into the Twenty-First Century: Integration and Division. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 0275968146.
  11. ^ Margalit, Avishai (2013). "Liberal or Social Democrat?". Dissent. No. Spring 2013. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  12. ^ "Main Ideas of General-welfare Liberalism". www1.udel.edu. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  13. ^ "How Classical Liberalism Morphed Into New Deal Liberalism". Center for American Progress. 26 April 2012. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  14. ^ kanopiadmin (7 April 2010). "Was Keynes a Liberal?". Mises Institute. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Faulks was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Hombach, Bodo (2000). The politics of the new centre. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9780745624600. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
  17. ^ Matland, Richard E.; Montgomery, Kathleen A. (2003). Women's access to political power in post-communist Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-924685-4.
  18. ^ Rohr, Donald G. (September 1964). "The Origins of Social Liberalism in Germany". The Journal of Economic History. 24 (3). Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  19. ^ Gaus, Gerald & Courtland, Shane D. (Spring 2011). "The 'New Liberalism'". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  20. ^ Derbyshire, John (12 July 2010). "The origins of social liberalism". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  21. ^ Klaus P. Fischer, ed. (2007). America in White, Black, and Gray: A History of the Stormy 1960s. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 39.
  22. ^ Great Courses, ed. (2014). The Modern Political Tradition: Episode 17: Progressivism and New Liberalism. Great Courses.[ISBN missing]
  23. ^ Helen Hardacre; Timothy S. George; Keigo Komamura; Franziska Seraphim, eds. (2021). Japanese Constitutional Revisionism and Civic Activism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 136, 162.[ISBN missing]
  24. ^ Muzammil Quraishi, ed. (2020). Towards a Malaysian Criminology: Conflict, Censure and Compromise. Springer Nature. p. 83. ISBN 9781137491015. The urgent need for a meaningful theoretical perspective and research agenda is driven by an observation that both left liberalism (progressivism) and right liberalism (neoliberalism) have neutralised traditional conservative socialist discourses.
  25. ^ Joseph M. Hoeffel, ed. (2014). Fighting for the Progressive Center in the Age of Trump. ABC-CLIO. p. 56. Modern American progressive thought combines social liberalism, including its government spending programs and mix of private enterprise and government regulation, with liberal cultural causes including voting rights for minorities, ...[ISBN missing]
  26. ^ "They retain meaning across populations and through time. That's the whole point ... | Hacker News". Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  27. ^ Chideya, Farai (2004). "The Red and the Blue: A Divided America". Trust: Reaching the 100 Million Missing Voters and Other Selected Essays. Soft Skull Press. pp. 33–46. ISBN 9781932360264.


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