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The Socialist Education Movement (simplified Chinese: 社会主义教育运动; traditional Chinese: 社會主義教育運動; pinyin: Shèhuìzhǔyì Jiàoyù Yùndòng, abbreviated 社教运动 or 社教運動), also known as the Four Cleanups Movement (simplified Chinese: 四清运动; traditional Chinese: 四清運動; pinyin: Sìqīng Yùndòng) was a 1963–1965 movement launched by Mao Zedong in the People's Republic of China.^[1] Mao sought to remove reactionary elements within the bureaucracy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), saying that "governance is also a process of socialist education."^[2]^[3]

^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "People's Republic of China: III". University of Maryland. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
^ MacFarquhar, Roderick (1997). "The Socialist Education Movement". The Origins of the Cultural Revolution. Oxford University Press. pp. 334–348. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192149978.001.0001. ISBN 9780192149978. Archived from the original on 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2014-06-13.