Back تضيق شوكي Arabic Спинална стеноза Bulgarian Estenosi vertebral Catalan Spinale Stenose German Estenosis espinal Spanish Spinaalstenoos Estonian تنگی مجرای نخاعی Persian Spinaalistenoosi Finnish Canal lombaire étroit French היצרות תעלת השדרה HE
| Spinal stenosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Spinal stenosis | |
| Specialty | Orthopedics, neurosurgery |
| Symptoms | Pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs[1] |
| Complications | Loss of bladder control, loss of bowel control, sexual dysfunction[1] |
| Usual onset | Gradual[1] |
| Types | Cervical, thoracic, lumbar[2] |
| Causes | Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal tumors, trauma, Paget's disease of the bone, scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, achondroplasia[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and medical imaging[4] |
| Differential diagnosis | Cauda equina syndrome, osteomylitis, peripheral vascular disease, fibromyalgia[5] |
| Treatment | Medications, exercises, bracing, surgery.[6] |
| Medication | straightening of cervical spine non steroid anti inflammatory phsiopedia.com drugs NSAIDs, acetaminophen, steroid injections[7] |
| Frequency | Up to 8% of people[4] |
Spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal or neural foramen that results in pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots.[6] Symptoms may include pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs.[1] Symptoms are typically gradual in onset and improve with leaning forward.[1] Severe symptoms may include loss of bladder control, loss of bowel control, or sexual dysfunction.[1]
Causes may include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal tumors, trauma, Paget's disease of the bone, scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, and the genetic condition achondroplasia.[3] It can be classified by the part of the spine affected into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar stenosis.[2] Lumbar stenosis is the most common, followed by cervical stenosis.[2] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and medical imaging.[4]
Treatment may involve medications, bracing, or surgery.[6] Medications may include NSAIDs, acetaminophen, anticonvulsants (gabapentinoids) or steroid injections.[8][7] Stretching and strengthening exercises may also be useful.[1] Limiting certain activities may be recommended.[6] Surgery is typically only done if other treatments are not effective, with the usual procedure being a decompressive laminectomy.[7]
Spinal stenosis occurs in as many as 8% of people.[4] It occurs most commonly in people over the age of 50.[9] Males and females are affected equally often.[10] The first modern description of the condition is from 1803 by Antoine Portal, and there is evidence of the condition dating back to Ancient Egypt.[11]
- ^ a b c d e f g "Spinal Stenosis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 11 April 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ a b c Canale ST, Beaty JH (2012). Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1994. ISBN 978-0323087186.
- ^ a b "Spinal Stenosis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 11 April 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d Domino FJ (2010). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2011. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1224. ISBN 9781608312597.
- ^ Ferri FF (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1202. ISBN 9780323529570.
- ^ a b c d "Spinal Stenosis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 11 April 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ a b c "Spinal Stenosis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 11 April 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Kwon, Ji-won; Moon, Seong-Hwan; Park, Si-Young; Park, Sang-Jun; Park, Sub-Ri; Suk, Kyung-Soo; Kim, Hak-Sun; Lee, Byung Ho (2022-10-31). "Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Review Update 2022". Asian Spine Journal. 16 (5). Asian Spine Journal (ASJ): 789–798. doi:10.31616/asj.2022.0366. ISSN 1976-1902. PMC 9633250. PMID 36266248. S2CID 253043954.
- ^ "Spinal Stenosis". National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 11 April 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ "Lumbar Spinal Stenosis". OrthoInfo - AAOS. December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Boos N, Aebi M (2008). Spinal Disorders: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9783540690917.