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Symmetric-key algorithm

Symmetric-key encryption: the same key is used for both encryption and decryption

Symmetric-key algorithms[a] are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical, or there may be a simple transformation to go between the two keys.[1] The keys, in practice, represent a shared secret between two or more parties that can be used to maintain a private information link.[2] The requirement that both parties have access to the secret key is one of the main drawbacks of symmetric-key encryption, in comparison to public-key encryption (also known as asymmetric-key encryption).[3][4] However, symmetric-key encryption algorithms are usually better for bulk encryption. With exception of the one-time pad they have a smaller key size, which means less storage space and faster transmission. Due to this, asymmetric-key encryption is often used to exchange the secret key for symmetric-key encryption.[5][6][7]


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  1. ^ Kartit, Zaid (February 2016). "Applying Encryption Algorithms for Data Security in Cloud Storage, Kartit, et al". Advances in Ubiquitous Networking: Proceedings of UNet15: 147. ISBN 9789812879905.
  2. ^ Delfs, Hans; Knebl, Helmut (2007). "Symmetric-key encryption". Introduction to cryptography: principles and applications. Springer. ISBN 9783540492436.
  3. ^ Mullen, Gary; Mummert, Carl (2007). Finite fields and applications. American Mathematical Society. p. 112. ISBN 9780821844182.
  4. ^ "Demystifying symmetric and asymmetric methods of encryption". Geeks for Geeks. 2017-09-28.
  5. ^ Johnson, Leighton (2016), "Security Component Fundamentals for Assessment", Security Controls Evaluation, Testing, and Assessment Handbook, Elsevier, pp. 531–627, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802324-2.00011-7, ISBN 9780128023242, S2CID 63087943, retrieved 2021-12-06
  6. ^ Alvarez, Rafael; Caballero-Gil, Cándido; Santonja, Juan; Zamora, Antonio (2017-06-27). "Algorithms for Lightweight Key Exchange". Sensors. 17 (7): 1517. doi:10.3390/s17071517. ISSN 1424-8220. PMC 5551094. PMID 28654006.
  7. ^ Bernstein, Daniel J.; Lange, Tanja (2017-09-14). "Post-quantum cryptography". Nature. 549 (7671): 188–194. Bibcode:2017Natur.549..188B. doi:10.1038/nature23461. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28905891. S2CID 4446249.

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