Synod of Lviv (1946)

Synod of Lviv
Part of the Russification of Ukraine and persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union
Native name Львівський собор
Date8–10 March 1946 (1946-03-08 – 1946-03-10)
LocationSt. George's Cathedral, Lviv, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union
TargetUkrainian Greek Catholic Church
Perpetrator
Outcome
  • Nullification of the 1596 Union of Brest
  • Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church forced underground

The Synod of Lviv[a] or the Council of Lviv (Ukrainian: Львівський собор, romanizedLvivskyi sobor; Russian: Львовский собор, romanizedLvovsky sobor) was a March 1946 synod of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church that declared the 1596 Union of Brest to be annulled, thereby unifying the church with the Russian Orthodox Church. Held amidst a climate of repression by the Soviet government, the synod was rejected by the majority of the church's adherents, leading them to continue their practices underground until their activity was again legalised under Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of Glasnost.

The Soviet government had begun plans to forcibly dismantle the UGCC following their invasion of eastern Poland (present-day western Ukraine), although they were put on hold due to, among other reasons, Operation Barbarossa. With the region's recapture in 1944, the process was soon restarted in response to the UGCC's support for anti-communist Ukrainian nationalists, and the church's leadership was arrested. An organisation of three Catholic priests known as the Sponsoring Group was created in May 1945, and, with the support of the NKGB and Russian Orthodox Church, successfully pushed for the unification of the UGCC into the Russian Orthodox Church. The process was formalised by a March 1946 synod. As a result of the synod, the UGCC became the largest illegal religious organisation in the world, and followers were subject to persecution for over forty years until they were permitted to practice their faith in 1989, after a long-running campaign by Ukrainian Soviet dissidents.

  1. ^ Vidnianskyi, Stepan (2012). "Друга світова війна та процес об'єднання українських етнічних земель: до питання про приєднання Закарпаття до УРСР у складі СРСР та радянізацію краю (1944–1946 рр.)" [World War II and the Process of Unification of Ukrainian Ethnic Lands: About the Question of the Accession of Transcarpathia to the Ukrainian Soviet Social Republic in the Soviet Union and the Sovietization of the Region (1944−1946)]. Волинь і волиняни у Другій світовій війні: збірник наукових прац [Volhynia and Volhynians in World War II: a collection of scientific articles] (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University. p. 589. ISBN 978-966-600-603-8. У Закарпатті також робили спробу зібрати псевдосинод, подібно до того, який у 1946 р. провели у Львові, щоб ліквідувати унію руками її прихильників. [In Zakarpattia, an attempt was also made to hold a psuedo-synod, similar to that which was held in 1946 in Lviv, so as to liquidate the Uniates by the hands of their supporters.]
  2. ^ Lubachivsky, Myroslav Ivan (July 1987). "Меморандум глави Української Католицької Церкви з нагоди святкувань 1000-річчя хрещення Київської Руси" [Memorandum of the head of the Ukrainian Catholic Church on the occasion of the celebrations of the 1,000th anniversary of the baptism of the Kyivan Rus]. Liberation Path (in Ukrainian). 7 (472): 830. ISSN 0042-9422. Цілковито замовчується, що так само, як і царська влада разом з Російською Церквою в XIX сторіччі (у 1830 р. на Волині й у Київській області, у 1875 р. на Холмщині, у 1914 р. в Галичині), так теж совєтські власті по 1945 році (11-го квітня 1945 р. — ув'язнення української католицької ієрархії; 8-10 березня 1946 — псевдосинод у Львові) змусили під високими карами і переслідуванням до православ'я. [It is completely silenced that, in the same way as the Tsarist government, together with the Russian church in the 18th century (in 1830 in Volyn and in Kyiv Oblast, in 1875 in Kholmshchyna, in 1914 in Galicia), so, too, did the Soviet government from 1945 (11 April 1945 — the imprisonment of the Ukrainian Catholic hierarchy; 8–10 March 1946 — the psuedo-synod in Lviv) force them under severe punishments and persecution towards Orthodoxy.]


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