Back بلاد الشام Arabic Suriya (region) Azerbaijani شام (اراضی) AZB Сүриә (төбәк) Bashkir Сірыя (гістарычны рэгіён) Byelorussian Сирия (регион) Bulgarian সিরিয়া (অঞ্চল) Bengali/Bangla Regió de Síria Catalan وڵاتانی شام CKB Μείζων Συρία Greek
Syria (Sham)
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&sq=Google&lang=en&file=File:1851_Henry_Warren_Map_of_Syria_(cropped).jpg) Map of Ottoman Syria in 1851, by Henry Warren | |
| Coordinates: 33°N 36°E / 33°N 36°E | |
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Syria [a] is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant.[3] Other synonyms are Greater Syria or Syria-Palestine.[2] The region boundaries have changed throughout history. However, in modern times, the term "Syria" alone is used to refer to the Syrian Arab Republic.
The term is originally derived from Assyria, an ancient civilization centered in northern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq.[4][5] During the Hellenistic period, the term Syria was applied to the entire Levant as Coele-Syria. Under Roman rule, the term was used to refer to the province of Syria, later divided into Syria Phoenicia and Coele Syria, and to the province of Syria Palaestina. Under the Byzantines, the provinces of Syria Prima and Syria Secunda emerged out of Coele Syria. After the Muslim conquest of the Levant, the term was superseded by the Arabic equivalent Shām, and under the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates, Bilad al-Sham was the name of a metropolitan province encompassing most of the region. In the 19th century, the name Syria was revived in its modem Arabic form to denote the whole of Bilad al-Sham, either as Suriyah or the modern form Suriyya, which eventually replaced the Arabic name of Bilad al-Sham.[6]
After World War I, the boundaries of the region were last defined in modern times by the proclamation of and subsequent definition by French and British mandatory agreement. The area was passed to French and British Mandates following World War I and divided into Greater Lebanon, various states under Mandatory French rule, British-controlled Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. The term Syria itself was applied to several mandate states under French rule and the contemporaneous but short-lived Arab Kingdom of Syria. The Syrian-mandate states were gradually unified as the State of Syria and finally became the independent Syria in 1946. Throughout this period, pan-Syrian nationalists advocated for the creation of a Greater Syria.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Abu Sway 2011was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Pfoh, Emanuel (22 February 2016). Syria-Palestine in The Late Bronze Age: An Anthropology of Politics and Power. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-3173-9230-9.
- ^ Killebrew, A. E.; Steiner, M. L. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: C. 8000–332 BCE. OUP Oxford. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-19-921297-2.
The western coastline and the eastern deserts set the boundaries for the Levant ... The Euphrates and the area around Jebel el-Bishrī mark the eastern boundary of the northern Levant, as does the Syrian Desert beyond the Anti-Lebanon range's eastern hinterland and Mount Hermon. This boundary continues south in the form of the highlands and eastern desert regions of Transjordan.
- ^ Rollinger, Robert (2006). "The terms "Assyria" and "Syria" again". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 65 (4): 284–287. doi:10.1086/511103. S2CID 162760021.
- ^ Frye, R. N. (1992). "Assyria and Syria: Synonyms". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 51 (4): 281–285. doi:10.1086/373570. S2CID 161323237.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Salibi2003was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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