Tatars

Tatars

татарлар, tatarlar
Total population
Total: ~7.3 million[1] Volga Tatars: ~6.4–6.6 million[2][3] Crimean Tatars: ~500,000 – 6.5 million[4][5][6] Afghan Tatars: ~100,000[7][8] Siberian Tatars: ~100,000–200,000 Lipka Tatars: ~10,000–15,000
Regions with significant populations
Russia (excl. Crimea)	5,554,601[9]
Ukraine (incl. population in Crimea and Crimean Tatars)	319,377[10]
Uzbekistan	~239,965[11] (Crimean Tatars)
Kazakhstan	208,987[12]
Turkey	500,000–6,900,000[4][5][6][a]
Afghanistan	100,000[13] (estimate)
Turkmenistan	36,655[14]
Kyrgyzstan	28,334[15]
Azerbaijan	25,900[16]
Romania	~20,000[17]
United States	10,000[18]
Belarus	3,000[19]
France	700[20]
Switzerland	1,045+[21]
China	3,556[22]
Canada	56,000[23] (incl. those of mixed ancestries)
Poland	1,916[24]
Bulgaria	5,003[25]
Finland	600–700[26]
Japan	600–2000[27]
Australia	900+[28]
Czech Republic	300+[29]
Estonia	2,000[30]
Latvia	2,800[3]
Lithuania	2,800–3,200[31][32][33] (incl. all of Lipka, Crimean and Volga origins)
Iran	20,000–30,000[34] (Volga Tatars)
Languages
Kipchak languages
Religion
Predominantly Sunni Islam with Eastern Orthodox minority
Related ethnic groups
Other Turkic peoples, especially other speakers of Kipchak languages

The Tatars^[b] (/ˈtɑːtərz/ TAH-tərz),^[35] formerly also spelled Tartars,^[b] is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia.^[36] Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes.^[37] Historically, the term Tatars (or Tartars) was applied to anyone originating from the vast Northern and Central Asian landmass then known as Tartary, a term which was also conflated with the Mongol Empire itself. More recently, however, the term has come to refer more narrowly to related ethnic groups who refer to themselves as Tatars or who speak languages that are commonly referred to as Tatar.

The largest group amongst the Tatars by far are the Volga Tatars, native to the Volga-Ural region (Tatarstan and Bashkortostan) of European Russia, who for this reason are often also known as "Tatars" in Russian. They compose 53% of the population in Tatarstan. Their language is known as the Tatar language. As of 2010^[update], there were an estimated 5.3 million ethnic Tatars in Russia.

While also speaking languages belonging to different Kipchak sub-groups, genetic studies have shown that the three main groups of Tatars (Volga, Crimean, Siberian) do not have common ancestors and, thus, their formation occurred independently of one another. However, it is possible that all Tatar groups have at least partially the same origin, mainly from the times of the Golden Horde.^[38][39]

Many noble families in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire had Tatar origins.^[40][41]

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