Template:Infobox bismuth

	child table, as reused in {IB-Bi} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of bismuth
α	206Tl

Bismuth, ₈₃Bi
Bismuth
Pronunciation	/ˈbɪzməθ/ (BIZ-məth)
Appearance	lustrous brownish silver
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Bi)
	208.98040±0.00001; 208.98±0.01 (abridged);
Bismuth in the periodic table
	lead ← bismuth → polonium
Atomic number (Z)	83
Group	group 15 (pnictogens)
Period	period 6
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	544.7 K (271.5 °C, 520.7 °F)
Boiling point	1837 K (1564 °C, 2847 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	9.807 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	10.05 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	179 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +3; −3, −2,? −1,? 0, +1,? +2,? +4,? +5
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.02
Ionization energies	1st: 703 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1610 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2466 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius	148±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	207 pm
	Spectral lines of bismuth
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	rhombohedral (hR2)
Lattice constants	a = 0.47458 nm; α = 57.236°; ah = 0.45462 nm; ch = 1.18617 nm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	13.09×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	7.97 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	1.29 µΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−280.1×10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	32 GPa
Shear modulus	12 GPa
Bulk modulus	31 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	1790 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.33
Mohs hardness	2.25
Brinell hardness	70–95 MPa
CAS Number	7440-69-9
History
Discovery	Arabic alchemists (before AD 1000)
Isotopes of bismuth v; e;
α	206Tl
	Category: Bismuth; view; talk; edit; \| references

Bi · Bismuth
Pb ← ibox Pb	^iso ₈₃Bi [e] IB-Bi [e] IBisos [e]	→ Po ibox Po
cat:Bi (18) cat:Bi-isotopes (109) Commons Wikidata:Q942 Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (46) · (this table: v )

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Bismuth". CIAAW. 2005.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ ^a ^b Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ ^a ^b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Bi(0) state exists in a N-heterocyclic carbene complex of dibismuthene; see Deka, Rajesh; Orthaber, Andreas (May 9, 2022). "Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects". Royal Society of Chemistry. 51 (22): 8540–8556. doi:10.1039/d2dt00755j. PMID 35578901. S2CID 248675805.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
^ ^a ^b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Bismuth". CIAAW. 2005.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[GE28-4] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[5] Bi(0) state exists in a N-heterocyclic carbene complex of dibismuthene; see Deka, Rajesh; Orthaber, Andreas (May 9, 2022). "Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects". Royal Society of Chemistry. 51 (22): 8540–8556. doi:10.1039/d2dt00755j. PMID 35578901. S2CID 248675805.

[7] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[NUBASE2020-8] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

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