Back Ternateg Breton Idioma ternate Spanish Ternate (langue) French Bahasa Ternate ID Pagsasao a Ternate ILO Lingua ternateana Italian Język ternate Polish Lenga Ternate PMS Тернате (язык) Russian Kiternate Swahili

Ternate language

For the local variety of Malay, see Ternate Malay.
Ternate
ترناتي‎
Native toIndonesia
RegionNorth Maluku
Native speakers
(42,000 cited 1981)[1]
20,000 L2 speakers (1981)[1]
West Papuan?
Latin script (Rumi)
Historically Arabic script (Jawi)[2][3][4]
Language codes
ISO 639-3tft
Glottologtern1247
ELPTernate
Approximate location where Ternate is spoken
Approximate location where Ternate is spoken
Ternate
Location in Southeast Asia
Coordinates: 0°1′N 127°44′E / 0.017°N 127.733°E / 0.017; 127.733

Ternate is a language of northern Maluku, eastern Indonesia. It is spoken by the Ternate people, who inhabit the island of Ternate, as well as many other areas of the archipelago. It is the dominant indigenous language of North Maluku, historically important as a regional lingua franca. A North Halmahera language, it is unlike most languages of Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family.[5]

Due to the historical role of the Ternate Sultanate, Ternate influence is present in many languages of eastern Indonesia. Borrowings from Ternate extend beyond the Maluku Islands, reaching the regions of central and northern Sulawesi.[6] Languages such as Taba and West Makian have borrowed much of their polite lexicons from Ternate,[7][8] while the languages of northern Sulawesi have incorporated many Ternate vocabulary items related to kingship and administration.[9] The language has been a source of lexical and grammatical borrowing for North Moluccan Malay, the local variant of Malay, which has given rise to other eastern Indonesian offshoots of Malay, such as Manado Malay.[10][11]

Ternate has loanwords from Malay, Portuguese, Dutch, English, and Javanese.[12]

  1. ^ a b Ternate at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890). Bijdragen tot de kennis der residentie Ternate (in Dutch). Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 193.
  3. ^ van Fraassen, Ch.F. (1993). "Ternatan/Tidorese". In Levinson, David (ed.). Encyclopedia of World Cultures. Vol. 5. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall & Co. ISBN 0-8168-8840-X. Retrieved 2024-07-10 – via encyclopedia.com.
  4. ^ Fathurahman, Oman (2015), Filologi Indonesia Teori dan Metode (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Prenada Media, p. 128, ISBN 978-623-218-153-3, OCLC 1001307264, retrieved 2022-09-07
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Watuseke, F.S. (1991). "The Ternate Language". In Dutton, Tom (ed.). Papers in Papuan Linguistics No. 1 (PDF). Pacific Linguistics A-73. Translated by Voorhoeve, Clemens L. Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. pp. 223–244. doi:10.15144/PL-A73.223. ISBN 0-85883-393-X. OCLC 24406501. ; see p. 224.
  7. ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. (1982). "The West Makian language, North Moluccas, Indonesia: a fieldwork report". In Voorhoeve, C.L. (ed.). The Makian languages and their neighbours (PDF). Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. 1–74. doi:10.15144/PL-D46.1. ISBN 0858832771. OCLC 12421689. ; see p. 47 (1.5).
  8. ^ Bowden, John (2005). "Taba". In Adelaar, K. Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. (eds.). The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. Abingdon/New York: Routledge. pp. 769–792. doi:10.4324/9780203821121. ISBN 978-0-203-82112-1. OCLC 53814161. ; see p. 770.
  9. ^ Sneddon, J.N. (1989). "The North Sulawesi microgroups: In search of higher level connections" (PDF). In Sneddon, J.N. (ed.). Studies in Sulawesi Linguistics I. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA. pp. 83–107. ; see p. 92.
  10. ^ Taylor, Paul Michael (1999). "Introduction" (PDF). F.S.A. de Clercq's Ternate: The Residency and its Sultanate (Smithsonian Institution Libraries digital ed.). Smithsonian Institution Libraries. pp. i–xviii. ; see p. vii (for Ternate grammatical influence on NMM).
  11. ^ Allen, Robert B.; Hayami-Allen, Rika (2002). "Orientation in the Spice Islands" (PDF). In Macken, Marlys (ed.). Papers from the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society, 2000. Tempe: Arizona State University, Program for Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 21–38. ISBN 1-881044-29-7. OCLC 50506465. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-12-25. ; see p. 21.
  12. ^ Hayami-Allen (2001), p. 42.

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