Back قومية إقليمية Arabic Nationalisme territorial French Nasionalisme teritorial ID Naționalism teritorial Romanian Территориальный национализм Russian Teritorijalni nacionalizam Serbo-Croatian Територијални национализам Serbian Територіальний націоналізм Ukrainian
| Part of a series on |
| Nationalism |
|---|
Territorial nationalism describes a form of nationalism based on the belief that all inhabitants of a particular territory should share a common national identity, regardless of their ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural and other differences. Depending on the political or administrative status of a particular territory, territorial nationalism can be manifested on two basic levels, as territorial nationalism of distinctive sovereign states, or territorial nationalism of distinctive sub-sovereign regions (regional nationalism).[1]
Within sovereign nation states, territorial nationalism is manifested as a belief that all inhabitants of that nation owe allegiance to their country of birth or adoption.[2] According to territorial nationalism, every individual must belong to a nation, but can choose which one to join.[3] A sacred quality is sought in this nation and in the popular memories it evokes.[4] Citizenship is idealized by a territorial nationalist.[4] A criterion of a territorial nationalism is the establishment of a mass, public culture based on common values and traditions of the population.[3][4] Legal equality is essential for territorial nationalism.[3]
Because citizenship rather than ethnicity is idealized by territorial nationalism, it is argued by Athena S. Leoussi and Anthony D. Smith (in 2001) that the French Revolution was a territorial nationalistic uprising.[4]
Territorial nationalism is also connected to the concepts of Lebensraum, forced expulsion, ethnic cleansing and sometimes even genocide when one nation claims a certain imaginary territory and wants to get rid of other nations living on it. These territorial aspirations are part of the goal of an ethnically pure nation-state.[5] This also sometimes leads to irredentism, since some nationalists demand that the state and nation are incomplete if an entire nation is not included into one single state, and thus aims to include members of its nations from a neighboring country. This thus often leads to ethnic conflict. Thomas Ambrosio argues: "If the leader of state A sends material support and/or actual troops into state B in the hopes of detaching state A's diaspora from state B, this would clearly be an indication of ethno-territorial nationalism".[6]
- ^ Straehle, Christine; Kymlicka, Will (1999). "Cosmopolitaniam, Nation-States, and Minority Nationalism: A Critical Review of Recent Literature". European Journal of Philosophy. 7 (1): 65–88. doi:10.1111/1468-0378.00074 – via academia.edu.
- ^ Middle East and North Africa: Challenge to Western Security by Peter Duignan and L.H. Gann, Hoover Institution Press, 1981, ISBN 978-0-8179-7392-6 (p. 22)
- ^ a b c The Populist Challenge: Political Protest and Ethno-Nationalist Mobilization in France by Jens Rydgren, Berghahn Books, 2004, ISBN 1571816917
- ^ a b c d Encyclopaedia of Nationalism by Athena S. Leoussi and Anthony D. Smith, Transaction Publishers, 2001, ISBN 978-0-7658-0002-2, (p. 62)
- ^ William B. Wood (2001). "Geographic Aspects of Genocide: A Comparison of Bosnia and Rwanda". Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 26 (1): 57–75. doi:10.1111/1475-5661.00006. JSTOR 623145.
- ^ Ambrosio, Thomas (2001). Irredentism: Ethnic Conflict and International Politics. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 18, 19. ISBN 9780275972608.