Back الأدغال (رواية) Arabic The Jungle Catalan Der Dschungel German La Jungla (novela) Spanish جنگل (رمان) Persian La Jungle (roman) French La giungla Italian 밀림 (소설) Korean Džiunglės (1906 knyga) Lithuanian ਜੰਗਲ (ਨਾਵਲ) Punjabi
_cover.jpg) First edition | |
| Author | Upton Sinclair |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Genre | Political fiction |
| Publisher | Doubleday, Page & Co. |
Publication date | February 26, 1906 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 413 |
| OCLC | 1150866071 |
| Text | The Jungle online |
The Jungle is a novel by American muckraker author Upton Sinclair, known for his efforts to expose corruption in government and business in the early 20th century.[1] In 1904, Sinclair spent seven weeks gathering information while working incognito in the meatpacking plants of the Chicago stockyards for the socialist newspaper Appeal to Reason, which published the novel in serial form in 1905. The novel was later published in book format by Doubleday in 1906.[2]
The book depicts working-class poverty, lack of social support, harsh and unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness among many workers. These elements are contrasted with the deeply rooted corruption of people in power. A review by Sinclair's contemporary, writer Jack London, called it "the Uncle Tom's Cabin of wage slavery."[3] Sinclair's primary purpose in describing the meat industry and its working conditions was to advance socialism in the United States.[4] However, the novel's most notable impact at the time was to provoke public outcry over passages exposing health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meat-packing industry during the early 20th century, which led to sanitation reforms including the Meat Inspection Act.
- ^ Sinclair, Upton, "Note", 'The Jungle, Dover Thrift, pp. viii–x
- ^ Brinkley, Alan (2010). "17: Industrial Supremacy". The Unfinished Nation. McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-338552-5.
- ^ "Upton Sinclair", Social History (biography), archived from the original (blog) on 2012-05-27.
- ^ Van Wienen, Mark W. (2012). "American socialist triptych: the literary-political work of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Upton Sinclair, and W.E.B. Du Bois. n.p.". Book Review Digest Plus (H.W. Wilson). University of Michigan Press.