Back Theodor Herzl Afrikaans Theodor Herzl ALS Theodor Herzl AN تيودور هرتزل Arabic تيودور هرتزل ARZ Teodor Hertsl Azerbaijani تئودور هرتزل AZB Theodor Herzl BAR Тэадор Герцль Byelorussian Тэадор Гэрцль BE-X-OLD
Theodor Herzl | |
|---|---|
| תֵּאוֹדוֹר הֶרְצְל | |
 Herzl, c. 1898 | |
| Born | 2 May 1860 |
| Died | 3 July 1904 (aged 44) |
| Resting place | 1904–1949: Döbling Cemetery, Vienna 1949–present: Mt. Herzl, Jerusalem 31°46′26″N 35°10′50″E / 31.77389°N 35.18056°E |
| Other names | Binyamin Ze'ev |
| Citizenship | Hungarian |
| Alma mater | University of Vienna |
| Occupations |
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| Known for | Father of modern political Zionism |
| Spouse |
Julie Naschauer (m. 1889) |
| Signature | |
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Theodor Herzl[a] (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904)[3] was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist, lawyer, writer, playwright and political activist who was the father of modern political Zionism. Herzl formed the Zionist Organization and promoted Jewish immigration to Palestine in an effort to form a Jewish state. Due to his Zionist work, he is known in Hebrew as Chozeh HaMedinah (חוֹזֵה הַמְדִינָה), lit. 'Visionary of the State'.[4][5] He is specifically mentioned in the Israeli Declaration of Independence and is officially referred to as "the spiritual father of the Jewish State".[6]
Herzl was born in Pest, Kingdom of Hungary, to a prosperous Neolog Jewish family. After a brief legal career in Vienna, he became the Paris correspondent for the Viennese newspaper Neue Freie Presse. Confronted with antisemitic events in Vienna, he reached the conclusion that anti-Jewish sentiment would make Jewish assimilation impossible, and that the only solution for Jews was the establishment of a Jewish state. In 1896, Herzl published the pamphlet Der Judenstaat, in which he elaborated his visions of a Jewish homeland. His ideas attracted international attention and rapidly established Herzl as a major figure in the Jewish world.
In 1897, Herzl convened the First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, and was elected president of the Zionist Organization. He began a series of diplomatic initiatives to build support for a Jewish state, appealing unsuccessfully to German emperor Wilhelm II and Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II. At the Sixth Zionist Congress in 1903, Herzl presented the Uganda Scheme, endorsed by Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain on behalf of the British government. The proposal, which sought to create a temporary refuge for the Jews in British East Africa following the Kishinev pogrom, was met with strong opposition and ultimately rejected. Herzl died of a heart ailment in 1904 at the age of 44, and was buried in Vienna. In 1949, his remains were taken to Israel and reinterred on Mount Herzl.
- ^ "Herzl". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Esor Ben-Sorek (18 October 2015). "The Tragic Herzl Family History". Times of Israel.
At his brit mila he was given the Hebrew name Binyamin Zeev
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Cohenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "חוזה המדינה באנגלית | פירוש חוזה המדינה בעברית". מילון מורפיקס (in Hebrew). Retrieved 17 August 2022.
- ^ "Theodor Herzl". www.nli.org.il. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 14 May 1948. Archived from the original on 28 December 2015.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).