Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt

Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
(Achaemenid Egypt)
Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire
343 BC–332 BC
Flag of Achaemenid Egypt (Second Egyptian Satrapy / satrapy VI)
Standard of Cyrus the Great

Western part of the Achaemenid Empire, with the territories of Egypt.[1][2][3][4]
Government
Pharaoh 
• 343–338 BC
Artaxerxes III (first)
• 336–332 BC
Darius III (last)
Historical eraAchaemenid era
• Conquests of Artaxerxes III
343 BC
• Conquests of Alexander the Great
332 BC
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Thirtieth dynasty of Egypt
Macedonian Empire
Ptolemaic Kingdom

The Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXXI, alternatively 31st Dynasty or Dynasty 31), also known as the Second Egyptian Satrapy, was effectively a satrapy of the Achaemenid Persian Empire between 343 BC to 332 BC. It was founded by Artaxerxes III, the King of Persia, after his reconquest of Egypt and subsequent crowning as Pharaoh of Egypt, and was disestablished upon the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great.

The period of the 31st Dynasty was the second occasion in which Persian pharaohs ruled Egypt, hence the term "Second Egyptian Satrapy". Before the 31st Dynasty was founded, Egypt had enjoyed a brief period of independence, during which three indigenous dynasties reigned (the 28th, 29th, and 30th dynasties). The period before this is referred to as the "First Egyptian Satrapy" or the 27th Dynasty (525–404 BC).

  1. ^ O'Brien, Patrick Karl (2002). Atlas of World History. Oxford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 9780195219210.
  2. ^ Philip's Atlas of World History. 1999.
  3. ^ Davidson, Peter (2018). Atlas of Empires: The World's Great Powers from Ancient Times to Today. i5 Publishing LLC. ISBN 9781620082881.
  4. ^ Barraclough, Geoffrey (1989). The Times Atlas of World History. Times Books. p. 79. ISBN 0723003041.

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