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Thunder Bay

For other uses, see Thunder Bay (disambiguation).

Thunder Bay
City (single-tier)
City of Thunder Bay
From top, left to right: view from Mount McKay, Lakehead University, Magnus Theatre, City Hall, Tourist Pagoda
Flag of Thunder Bay
Flag
Coat of arms of Thunder Bay
Coat of arms
Official logo of Thunder Bay
Logo
Nicknames: 
"Canada's Gateway to the West", "T-Bay", "Lakehead" or "The Lakehead"[1]
Motto: 
Superior by Nature / The Gateway to the West
Thunder Bay is located in Ontario
Thunder Bay
Thunder Bay
Location of Thunder Bay
Coordinates: 48°24′05″N 89°16′04″W / 48.40139°N 89.26778°W / 48.40139; -89.26778 (Thunder Bay)[2]
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
DistrictThunder Bay
CMAThunder Bay
Settled1683 as Fort Caministigoyan
Amalgamation1 January 1970
Electoral Districts     
Federal
Thunder Bay—Superior North/Thunder Bay—Rainy River
ProvincialThunder Bay—Superior North/Thunder Bay—Atikokan
Government
[4][5]
 • TypeMunicipal Government
 • MayorKen Boshcoff
 • City managerNorm Gale[3]
 • Governing BodyThunder Bay City Council
 • MPsPatty Hajdu (Liberal)
Marcus Powlowski (Liberal)
 • MPPsLise Vaugeois (ONDP)
Kevin Holland (Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario)
Area
[6][7][8]
 • City (single-tier)447.5 km2 (172.8 sq mi)
 • Land328.24 km2 (126.73 sq mi)
 • Water119.0 km2 (45.9 sq mi)  26.6%
 • Urban
179.38 km2 (69.26 sq mi)
 • Metro
2,556.37 km2 (987.02 sq mi)
Elevation
[9]
199 m (653 ft)
Population
 (2021)[10]
 • City (single-tier)108,843 (51st)
 • Density332.1/km2 (860/sq mi)
 • Urban
95,266 (36th)
 • Urban density1,253/km2 (3,250/sq mi)
 • Metro
123,258 (34th)
 • Metro density48.3/km2 (125/sq mi)
DemonymThunder Bayer
Gross Metropolitan Product
 • Thunder Bay CMACA$6.2 billion (2020)[11]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Forward sortation area
P7A to P7G, P7J to P7K
Area code807
NTS Map52A6 Thunder Bay
GNBC CodeFCWFX[12]
Websitewww.thunderbay.ca

Thunder Bay is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario and the second most populous (after Greater Sudbury) municipality in Northern Ontario. Its population is 108,843 according to the 2021 Canadian census. Located on Lake Superior, the census metropolitan area of Thunder Bay has a population of 123,258 and consists of the city of Thunder Bay, the municipalities of Oliver Paipoonge and Neebing, the townships of Shuniah, Conmee, O'Connor, and Gillies, and the Fort William First Nation.

European settlement in the region began in the late 17th century with a French fur trading outpost on the banks of the Kaministiquia River.[13] It grew into an important transportation hub with its port forming an important link in the shipping of grain and other products from western Canada, through the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the east coast. Forestry and manufacturing played important roles in the city's economy. They have declined in recent years, but have been replaced by a "knowledge economy" based on medical research and education. Thunder Bay is the site of the Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute.

On 1 January 1970, the City of Thunder Bay was formed through the merger of the cities of Fort William, Port Arthur, and the geographic townships of Neebing and McIntyre. The city takes this name from the immense Thunder Bay at the head of Lake Superior, known on 18th-century French maps as Baie du Tonnerre (Bay of Thunder).[13] The city is often referred to as the "Lakehead", or "Canadian Lakehead", because of its location at the end of Great Lakes navigation on the Canadian side of the border.[14]

  1. ^ "Canada's Gateway to the West". Port of Thunder Bay. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  2. ^ "Thunder Bay". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  3. ^ Smith, Jamie. "Norm Gale appointed city manager at city council meeting Monday", TB News Watch (11 January 2016). Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  4. ^ City Hall, Thunder Bay City Council. Retrieved 2 June 2007.
  5. ^ Municipal Code, by-law 218-2003. Retrieved 2 June 2007.
  6. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Thunder Bay, City". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Thunder Bay [Census metropolitan area]". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  8. ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Thunder Bay [Population centre]". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
  9. ^ "Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000". Thunder Bay A, Ontario: Environment Canada. 19 January 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2012.[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ Census Search "Thunder Bay" Statistics Canada. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  11. ^ "Statistics Canada. Table 36-10-0468-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA) (x 1,000,000)". Statistics Canada.
  12. ^ "Thunder Bay". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  13. ^ a b Brief History of Thunder Bay, City of Thunder Bay. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
  14. ^ Tronrud, Thorold J; Epp, Ernest A.; and others. (1995). "Introduction" Archived 7 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Thunder Bay: From Rivalry to Unity, p. vii, Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society ISBN 0-920119-22-0

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