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Togo

This article is about the African country. For other uses, see Togo (disambiguation).

Togolese Republic
République togolaise (French)
Motto: "Travail, Liberté, Patrie"[1]
(English: "Work, Liberty, Homeland")
Anthem: "Terre de nos aïeux"
(English: "Land of our ancestors")
Location of Togo (dark blue) in the African Union (light blue)
Location of Togo (dark blue)

in the African Union (light blue)

Capital
and largest city
Lomé
6°8′N 1°13′E / 6.133°N 1.217°E / 6.133; 1.217
Official languagesFrench
Spoken languages
List:
Ethnic groups
other (5.6%)[2]
Religion
(2020)
Demonym(s)Togolese
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic under a hereditary dictatorship[4][5][6][7][8]
• President
Faure Gnassingbé
Victoire Tomegah Dogbé
LegislatureNational Assembly
Independence from Germany and France
5 July 1884
6–26 August 1914
• French Togoland partitioned
27 December 1916
• Autonomy within the French Union
24 August 1956
• Independence granted from France
27 April 1960
Area
• Total
56,785[9][10] km2 (21,925 sq mi) (123rd)
• Water (%)
4.2
Population
• 2024 estimate
Increase 9,583,381[11] (101st)
• 2022 census
8,095,498[12]
• Density
125.9/km2 (326.1/sq mi) (60th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $25.103 billion[13] (151st)
• Per capita
Increase $2,767[13] (175th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $9.621 billion[13] (157th)
• Per capita
$1,004[13] (170th)
Gini (2015)Positive decrease 43.1[14]
medium inequality
HDI (2022)Decrease 0.547[15]
low (163rd)
CurrencyWest African CFA franc (XOF)
Time zoneUTC (GMT)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Drives onright
Calling code+228
ISO 3166 codeTG
Internet TLD.tg
  1. Such as Ewe, Mina and Aja.
  2. Largest are the Ewe, Mina, Kotokoli Tem and Kabyè.
  3. Mostly European, Indian & Syrian-Lebanese.
  4. Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.
  5. Rankings based on 2017 figures (CIA World Factbook – "Togo")

Togo,[a] officially the Togolese Republic,[b] is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north.[16] It is one of the least developed countries and extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its capital, Lomé, is located.[16] It is a small, tropical country, which covers 57,000 square kilometres (22,000 square miles)[9] and has a population of approximately 8 million,[9] and it has a width of less than 115 km (71 mi) between Ghana and its eastern neighbour Benin.[17][18]

Various people groups settled the boundaries of present day Togo between the 11th and 16th centuries. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the coastal region served primarily as a European slave trading outpost, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast". In 1884, Germany declared a region including a protectorate called Togoland. After World War I, rule over Togo is transferred to France. Togo gained its independence from France in 1960.[2][19] In 1967, Gnassingbé Eyadéma led a successful military coup d'état, after which he became president of an anti-communist, single-party state. In 1993, Eyadéma faced multiparty elections marred by irregularities, and won the presidency three times. At the time of his death, Eyadéma was the "longest-serving leader in modern African history", having been president for 38 years.[20] In 2005, his son Faure Gnassingbé was elected president.

Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation[16] whose economy depends mostly on agriculture.[19] The official language is French,[19] but other languages are spoken, particularly those of the Gbe family. 47.8% of the population adhere to Christianity, making it the largest religion in the country.[21] Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, Francophonie, Commonwealth of Nations, and Economic Community of West African States.

  1. ^ "Constitution of Togo". 2002. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  2. ^ a b c "Togo". CIA World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  3. ^ "National Profiles". Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  4. ^ "Togo promises development, not democracy". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  5. ^ Osei, Anja (17 November 2018). "Like father, like son? Power and influence across two Gnassingbé presidencies in Togo". Democratization. 25 (8): 1460–1480. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1483916. ISSN 1351-0347. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  6. ^ Democratic contestation on the margins: regimes in small African countries. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. 2015. ISBN 978-0-7391-9344-0.
  7. ^ Suleiman, Muhammad Dan (1 January 2018). "Protests in Togo: the Gnassingbe dynasty may fall next". Foreign Brief. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Togo's dynasty lives on". www.ips-journal.eu. 28 February 2020. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  9. ^ a b c "Togo country profile". BBC News. 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  10. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ "Togo". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  12. ^ "Togo-Les résultats définitifs du 5e RGPH". Icilome. 4 April 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Togo)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  15. ^ "HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. pp. 274–277. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  16. ^ a b c "Republic of Togo". Islamic Development Bank. 18 November 1998. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  17. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  18. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  19. ^ a b c "Togo (Partner) – International Cultural Youth Exchange". International cultural youth exchange. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  20. ^ "Obituary: Gnassingbe Eyadema" Archived 3 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine. (5 February 2005). BBC News. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
  21. ^ "Togo", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 11 January 2023, archived from the original on 12 October 2023, retrieved 13 January 2023


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