Toplica Uprising

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The Toplica Uprising (Serbian: Топлички устанак) was a mass uprising against Bulgarian occupation force that took place in Bulgarian occupied Serbia during the First World War. The rebels were motivated by grievances against the Bulgarian authorities for ordering conscription of local Serbs in the Bulgarian army, forced labour and the denationalization policy imposed on the indigenous population. The revolt was supported by Serbian guerrilla fighters known as Chetniks.

The Toplica uprising lasted from 24 February to 25 March 1917. It was the only uprising in an occupied country during the entire First World War; Serbian sources claim that as many as 20,000 Serbs died in the revolt and its aftermath. On the Bulgarian side, the historian Georgi Markov estimates that 1,500 people died during the suppression of the uprising, most of them rebels, as the rebels also killed 900 Bulgarian teachers, officials and fighting against them local paramilitaries, and many of the Serbian victims were killed by the rebels themselves for refusing to join their ranks.^[1]