Back أجراس أنبوبية Arabic Campanes tubulares AST Оркестрови камбани Bulgarian Campana tubular Catalan Rørklokker Danish Röhrenglocken German Campanas tubulares Spanish Ezkila tubular Basque ناقوس لولهای Persian Putkikellot Finnish
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.jpg) A set of chimes made by Yamaha | |
| Percussion instrument | |
|---|---|
| Other names |
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| Classification | Keyboard percussion |
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 111.232 (Sets of percussion tubes) |
| Playing range | |
| C4–F5 standard; extended range can include B♭3–G5, bass F3–B3, but can vary | |
| Builders | |
Tubular bells (also known as chimes) are musical instruments in the percussion family.[1] Their sound resembles that of church bells, carillons, or a bell tower; the original tubular bells were made to duplicate the sound of church bells within an ensemble.[2] Each bell is a metal tube, 30–38 mm (1+1⁄4–1+1⁄2 in) in diameter, tuned by altering its length. Its standard range is C4–F5, though many professional instruments reach G5. Tubular bells are often replaced by studio chimes, which are a smaller and usually less expensive instrument. Studio chimes are similar in appearance to tubular bells, but each bell has a smaller diameter than the corresponding bell on tubular bells.
Tubular bells are sometimes struck on the top edge of the tube with a rawhide- or plastic-headed hammer. Often, a sustain pedal will be attached to allow extended ringing of the bells. They can also be bowed at the bottom of the tube to produce a very loud, very high-pitched overtone.
The tubes provide a purer tone than solid cylindrical chimes, such as those on a mark tree.
Chimes are often found in orchestral and concert band repertoire. It rarely plays melody, instead being used most often as a color to add to the ensemble sound. It does have solos occasionally, often depicting church bells.[2]
In tubular bells, modes 4, 5, and 6 appear to determine the strike tone and have frequencies in the ratios 92:112:132, or 81:121:169, "which are close enough to the ratios 2:3:4 for the ear to consider them nearly harmonic and to use them as a basis for establishing a virtual pitch".[3] The perceived "strike pitch" is thus an octave below the fourth mode (i.e., the missing "1" in the above series).
- ^ The Study of Orchestration, 3rd, Ed., Samuel Adler, W. W. Norton & Co, Inc, (2002).
- ^ a b Blades, James; Holland, James (20 January 2001). "Tubular bells [chimes, orchestral chimes] (Fr. cloches; Ger. Glocken, Röhrenglocken; It. campane, campanelle)". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ Rossing, Thomas D. (2000). Science of Percussion Instruments. Singapore: World Scientific. p. 68. ISBN 9789810241582. OCLC 45679450.