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20+%
15–19.9%
10–14.9%
5–9.9%
0–4.9%
| Rank | State | Percent union members |
Percent
change |
Union members |
Percent represented by unions |
Percent
change |
Represented by unions |
Total employed |
Right to Work |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Hawaii |
23.4 |  2.2% |
138,000 | 25.6 | 2.2% |
147,000 | 573,000 | No |
| 2 |  New York |
20.6 |  0.1% |
1,711,000 | 21.5 | 0.6% |
1,787,000 | 8,300,000 | No |
| 3 |  Washington |
16.5 | 1.5% |
576,000 | 18.1 | 1.0% |
632,000 | 3,491,000 | No |
| 4 |  New Jersey |
16.1 | 1.2% |
679,000 | 17.3 | 1.3% |
729,000 | 4,211,000 | No |
| 5 |  Connecticut |
15.9 | 1.7% |
255,000 | 16.9 | 1.5% |
272,000 | 1,610,000 | No |
| 6 |  California |
15.4 | 0.7% |
2,514,000 | 16.9 | 0.7% |
2,769,000 | 16,349,000 | No |
| 7 |  Alaska |
14.8 | 1.2% |
45,000 | 15.2 | 2.1% |
47,000 | 307,000 | No |
| 8 |  Vermont |
14.3 | 2.2% |
43,000 | 13.4 | 2.0% |
46,000 | 301,000 | No |
| 9 |  Oregon |
14.1 | 1.4% |
255,000 | 15.0 | 1.9% |
270,000 | 1,808,000 | No |
| 10 |  Minnesota |
13.3 | 0.9% |
356,000 | 14.1 | 1.1% |
378,000 | 2,673,000 | No |
| 11 |  Pennsylvania |
12.9 | 0.2% |
749,000 | 13.6 | 0.6% |
822,000 | 5,786,000 | No |
| 12 |  Michigan |
12.8 | 1.2% |
564,000 | 14.1 | 1.2% |
623,000 | 4,409,000 | No |
| 13 |  Illinois |
12.8 | 0.3% |
708,000 | 13.6 | 0.5% |
755,000 | 5,537,000 | No |
| 14 |  Massachusetts |
12.6 | 0.1% |
412,000 | 13.6 | 0.2% |
443,000 | 3,267,000 | No |
| 15 |  Ohio |
12.5 | 0.3% |
641,000 | 13.5 | 0.5% |
691,000 | 5,108,000 | No |
| 16 |  Nevada |
12.4 | 1.1% |
171,000 | 14.5 | 1.7% |
201,000 | 1,382,000 | Yes |
| 17 |  Rhode Island |
12.3 | 3.8% |
62,000 | 13.2 | 4.5% |
67,000 | 507,000 | No |
| 18 |  Montana |
11.8 | 0.6% |
56,000 | 13.0 | 0.7% |
61,000 | 470,000 | No |
| 19 |  Maryland |
10.7 | 0.9% |
302,000 | 12.8 | 0.4% |
362,000 | 2,822,000 | No |
| 20 |  Missouri |
9.3 | 0.3% |
255,000 | 10.6 | 0.2% |
286,000 | 2,734,000 | No |
| 21 |  New Hampshire |
9.3 | 0.8% |
62,000 | 10.9 | 0.3% |
73,000 | 668,000 | No |
| 22 |  Maine |
9.2 |  |
52,000 | 10.8 | 0.7% |
61,000 | 566,000 | No |
| 23 |  District of Columbia |
9.1 | |
32,000 | 10.4 | |
36,000 | 347,000 | No |
| 24 |  Kansas |
8.9 | 0.9% |
120,000 | 10.6 | 1.5% |
144,000 | 1,360,000 | Yes |
| 25 |  Kentucky |
8.8 | 0.9% |
152,000 | 11.3 | 1.0% |
194,000 | 1,719,000 | Yes |
| 26 |  Delaware |
8.8 | 0.3% |
38,000 | 10.1 | 0.7% |
44,000 | 436,000 | No |
| 27 |  West Virginia |
8.7 | 0.5% |
60,000 | 10.1 | 0.1% |
70,000 | 691,000 | Yes |
| 28 |  Indiana |
8.0 | 0.6% |
245,000 | 9.1 | 0.5% |
278,000 | 3,054,000 | Yes |
| 29 |  Alabama |
7.5 | 0.3% |
156,000 | 8.6 | 0.2% |
180,000 | 2,088,000 | Yes |
| 30 |  New Mexico |
7.5 | 1.3% |
60,000 | 9.1 | 1.5% |
73,000 | 805,000 | No |
| 31 |  Wisconsin |
7.4 | 0.3% |
205,000 | 8.4 | 0.4% |
232,000 | 2,761,000 | Yes |
| 32 |  Nebraska |
7.3 | 0.8% |
68,000 | 9.4 | 1.3% |
88,000 | 940,000 | Yes |
| 33 |  Iowa |
7.2 | 0.2% |
107,000 | 8.8 | 0.1% |
131,000 | 1,490,000 | Yes |
| 34 |  Mississippi |
7.0 | 1.4% |
75,000 | 9.8 | 2.6% |
106,000 | 1,081,000 | Yes |
| 35 |  Colorado |
6.9 | 0.2% |
189,000 | 8.6 | 1.1% |
235,000 | 2,730,000 | No |
| 36 |  Oklahoma |
6.8 | 1.3% |
115,000 | 7.7 | 0.7% |
132,000 | 1,705,000 | Yes |
| 37 |  North Dakota |
6.2 | 0.2% |
22,000 | 7.5 | 0.1% |
27,000 | 359,000 | Yes |
| 38 |  Tennessee |
6.0 | 0.5% |
178,000 | 6.9 | 0.6% |
205,000 | 2,981,000 | Yes |
| 39 |  Wyoming |
5.6 | |
14,000 | 6.6 | 0.7% |
17,000 | 256,000 | Yes |
| 40 |  Arkansas |
5.1 | 0.2% |
62,000 | 5.8 | 0.1% |
71,000 | 1,217,000 | Yes |
| 41 |  Florida |
4.7 | 0.2% |
442,000 | 6.1 | 0.5% |
578,000 | 9,453,000 | Yes |
| 42 |  Georgia |
4.6 | 0.2% |
211,000 | 5.4 | |
250,000 | 4,626,000 | Yes |
| 43 |  Idaho |
4.5 | 0.2% |
37,000 | 5.5 | 0.4% |
44,000 | 810,000 | Yes |
| 44 |  Texas |
4.5 | 0.4% |
586,000 | 5.4 | 0.3% |
701,000 | 13,019,000 | Yes |
| 45 |  Louisiana |
4.3 | 0.1% |
76,000 | 5.2 | |
91,000 | 1,765,000 | Yes |
| 48 |  Virginia |
4.3 | 0.6% |
176,000 | 5.6 | 1.1% |
226,000 | 4,042,000 | Yes |
| 47 |  Arizona |
4.2 | 1.3% |
133,000 | 4.8 | 1.4% |
152,000 | 3,164,000 | Yes |
| 48 |  Utah |
4.1 | 0.2% |
65,000 | 8.4 | 0.3% |
134,000 | 1,584,000 | Yes |
| 49 |  South Dakota |
3.6 | 0.5% |
15,000 | 4.2 | |
18,000 | 425,000 | Yes |
| 50 |  North Carolina |
2.7 | 0.1% |
125,000 | 3.3 | 0.6% |
152,000 | 4,623,000 | Yes |
| 51 |  South Carolina |
2.3 | 0.6% |
49,000 | 3.0 | 1.0% |
63,000 | 2,130,000 | Yes |
| — |  United States |
10.0 | 0.1% |
14,424,000 | 11.2 | 0.1% |
16,193,000 | 144,541,000 | N/A |
- ^ Bureau of Labor Statistics (January 23, 2024). "Union members in 2021". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
- ^ "Union Members Summary - 2023 A01 Results". www.bls.gov. Retrieved 2024-01-27.