| Universal | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | [univerˈsal] |
| Created by | G. I. Muravskin & L. I. Vasilevskij |
| Date | 1923 |
| Users | None |
| Purpose | Esperantido
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | None |
Universal is an Esperantido, a constructed language based on Esperanto. It has inclusive and exclusive pronouns, uses partial reduplication for the plural (tablo "table", tatablo "tables"), and inversion for antonyms (mega "big", gema "little"; donu "give", nodu "receive"; tela "far", leta "near"). Inversion can be seen in,
- Al gefinu o fargu kaj la egnifu o grafu.
- He finished reading [lit. 'to read'] and she started to write.
The antonyms are the pronouns al "he" and la "she", the ge- (completive) and eg- (inchoative) aspects, the verbs fin- "to finish" and nif- "to begin", and the verbs graf- "to write" and farg- "to read".
The Universal reduplicated plural and inverted antonyms are reminiscent of the musical language Solresol.